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Opt. Express"],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2023,5,1]]},"abstract":"<jats:p>Peripheral refraction has been studied for decades; however, its\n\t\t\t\t\tdetection and description are somehow simplistic and limited.\n\t\t\t\t\tTherefore, their role in visual function and refractive correction, as\n\t\t\t\t\twell as myopia control, is not completely understood. This study aims\n\t\t\t\t\tto establish a database of two-dimensional (2D) peripheral refraction\n\t\t\t\t\tprofiles in adults and explore the features for different central\n\t\t\t\t\trefraction values. A group of 479 adult subjects were recruited. Using\n\t\t\t\t\tan open-view Hartmann\u2013Shack scanning wavefront sensor, their right\n\t\t\t\t\tnaked eyes were measured. The overall features of the relative\n\t\t\t\t\tperipheral refraction maps showed myopic defocus, slight myopic\n\t\t\t\t\tdefocus, and hyperopic defocus in the hyperopic and emmetropic groups,\n\t\t\t\t\tin the mild myopic group, and in other myopic groups, respectively.\n\t\t\t\t\tDefocus deviations with central refraction vary in different regions.\n\t\t\t\t\tThe defocus asymmetry between the upper and lower retinas within 16\u00b0\n\t\t\t\t\tincreased with the increase of central myopia. By characterizing the\n\t\t\t\t\tvariation of peripheral defocus with central myopia, these results\n\t\t\t\t\tprovide rich information for possible individual corrections and lens\n\t\t\t\t\tdesign.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.1364\/boe.488098","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2023,4,20]],"date-time":"2023-04-20T05:00:40Z","timestamp":1681966840000},"page":"2375","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1364\/crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":13,"title":["Two-dimensional peripheral refraction in adults"],"prefix":"10.1364","volume":"14","author":[{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0003-0590-436X","authenticated-orcid":true,"given":"Xiaoyun","family":"Xi","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Central South University"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Jiangdong","family":"Hao","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Central South University"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0003-3950-7522","authenticated-orcid":true,"given":"Zhenghua","family":"Lin","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Aier Institute of Optometry and Vision Science"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-0520-6484","authenticated-orcid":true,"given":"Sidi","family":"Wang","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Central South University"},{"name":"Xi'an People's Hospital (Xi'an Fourth Hospital)"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Zhikuan","family":"Yang","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Central South University"},{"name":"Hubei University of Science and Technology"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-3829-7415","authenticated-orcid":true,"given":"Weizhong","family":"Lan","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Central South University"},{"name":"Hubei University of Science and Technology"},{"name":"Guangzhou Aier Eye Hospital"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0003-1284-6591","authenticated-orcid":true,"given":"Pablo","family":"Artal","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"id":[{"id":"https:\/\/ror.org\/03p3aeb86","id-type":"ROR","asserted-by":"publisher"}]},{"name":"Central South University"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"285","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2023,4,28]]},"reference":[{"key":"boe-14-5-2375-R1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1","DOI":"10.3389\/fspor.2019.00066","volume":"1","author":"Klostermann","year":"2020","journal-title":"Front Sports Act Living"},{"key":"boe-14-5-2375-R2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"291","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1475-1313.1992.tb00400.x","volume":"12","author":"Wood","year":"1992","journal-title":"Ophthalmic Physiol Opt"},{"key":"boe-14-5-2375-R3","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"535","DOI":"10.1016\/S0039-6257(99)00035-1","volume":"43","author":"Owsley","year":"1999","journal-title":"Surv. 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