{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,10,17]],"date-time":"2026-10-17T15:03:40Z","timestamp":1792249420849,"version":"4.4.0"},"reference-count":56,"publisher":"Optica Publishing Group","issue":"9","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2023,8,25]],"date-time":"2023-08-25T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1692921600000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1364\/OA_License_v2#VOR-OA"},{"start":{"date-parts":[[2023,8,25]],"date-time":"2023-08-25T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1692921600000},"content-version":"tdm","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/opg.optica.org\/policies\/opg-tdm-policy.json"}],"funder":[{"DOI":"10.13039\/100020485","name":"CooperVision","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","id":[{"id":"10.13039\/100020485","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]}],"content-domain":{"domain":["opg.optica.org"],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["Biomed. Opt. Express"],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2023,9,1]]},"abstract":"<jats:p>\n                    Non-invasive imaging systems with cellular-level resolution offer the opportunity to identify biomarkers of the early stage of corneal diseases, enabling early intervention, monitoring of disease progression, and evaluating treatment efficacy. In this study, a non-contact polarization-dependent optical coherence microscope (POCM) was developed to enable non-invasive\n                    <jats:italic>in vivo<\/jats:italic>\n                    imaging of human corneal microstructures. The system integrated quarter-wave plates into the sample and reference arms of the interferometer to enable deeper penetration of light in tissues as well as mitigate the strong specular reflection from the corneal surface. A common-path approach was adopted to enable control over the polarization in a free space configuration, thus alleviating the need for a broadband polarization-maintained fiber. The POCM achieved volumetric imaging of corneal microstructures, including endothelial cells over a field of view 0.5\u2009\u00d7\u20090.5 mm\n                    <jats:sup>2<\/jats:sup>\n                    with an almost isotropic resolution of \u223c2.2\u2005\u00b5m and a volume (500\u2009\u00d7\u2009500\u2009\u00d7\u20092048 voxels) rate of 1\u2005Hz. A self-interference approach between the corneal surface and underlying layers was also developed to lessen the corneal curvature and axial motion artifacts, thus enabling high-resolution imaging of microstructures in the anterior cornea, including squamous epithelial cells, wing epithelial cells, basal epithelial cells, sub-basal nerve plexus, and stromal keratocytes.\n                  <\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.1364\/boe.495242","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2023,8,18]],"date-time":"2023-08-18T08:00:09Z","timestamp":1692345609000},"page":"4888","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1364\/crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":15,"title":["Non-invasive in vivo imaging of human corneal microstructures with optical coherence microscopy"],"prefix":"10.1364","volume":"14","author":[{"given":"Hadiya F.","family":"Pattan","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Indiana University"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Xiao","family":"Liu","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Indiana University"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Patrice","family":"Tankam","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"id":[{"id":"https:\/\/ror.org\/01kg8sb98","id-type":"ROR","asserted-by":"publisher"}]},{"name":"Indiana University"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"285","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2023,8,25]]},"reference":[{"key":"boe-14-9-4888-R1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"101559","DOI":"10.1016\/j.clae.2021.101559","volume":"45","author":"Santodomingo-Rubido","year":"2022","journal-title":"Cont Lens Anterior Eye"},{"key":"boe-14-9-4888-R2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"515","DOI":"10.1016\/S0014-4835(03)00148-9","volume":"77","author":"Brookes","year":"2003","journal-title":"Exp. Eye Res."},{"key":"boe-14-9-4888-R3","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"989","DOI":"10.1038\/sj.eye.6700616","volume":"17","author":"Bonini","year":"2003","journal-title":"Eye"},{"key":"boe-14-9-4888-R4","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1","DOI":"10.1097\/ICL.0000000000000469","volume":"45","author":"Sarnicola","year":"2019","journal-title":"Eye Contact Lens"},{"key":"boe-14-9-4888-R5","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"2956","DOI":"10.1167\/iovs.07-1529","volume":"49","author":"Jurkunas","year":"2008","journal-title":"Invest. Ophthalmol. Visual Sci."},{"key":"boe-14-9-4888-R6","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1119","DOI":"10.1007\/s00417-014-2678-3","volume":"252","author":"Bucher","year":"2014","journal-title":"Graefe\u2019s Arch. Clin. Exp. Ophthalmol."},{"key":"boe-14-9-4888-R7","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"555","DOI":"10.1001\/archophthalmol.2010.344","volume":"129","author":"Hecker","year":"2011","journal-title":"Arch. Ophthalmol."},{"key":"boe-14-9-4888-R8","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1113","DOI":"10.1364\/OL.40.001113","volume":"40","author":"Tankam","year":"2015","journal-title":"Opt. Lett"},{"key":"boe-14-9-4888-R9","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1645","DOI":"10.1016\/j.ophtha.2015.05.005","volume":"122","author":"Wacker","year":"2015","journal-title":"Ophthalmology"},{"key":"boe-14-9-4888-R10","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"TFOS98","DOI":"10.1167\/iovs.13-13187","volume":"54","author":"Efron","year":"2013","journal-title":"Invest. Ophthalmol. Visual Sci."},{"key":"boe-14-9-4888-R11","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"192","DOI":"10.1016\/j.clae.2021.02.006","volume":"44","author":"Morgan","year":"2021","journal-title":"Cont Lens Anterior Eye"},{"key":"boe-14-9-4888-R12","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"30","DOI":"10.1016\/j.preteyeres.2009.11.001","volume":"29","author":"Niederer","year":"2010","journal-title":"Prog. Retinal Eye Res."},{"key":"boe-14-9-4888-R13","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"204062232311701","DOI":"10.1177\/20406223231170146","volume":"14","author":"Zhang","year":"2023","journal-title":"Ther. Adv. Chronic Dis."},{"key":"boe-14-9-4888-R14","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"265","DOI":"10.1111\/cxo.12887","volume":"103","author":"Petropoulos","year":"2020","journal-title":"Clin Exp Optom"},{"key":"boe-14-9-4888-R15","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"5689","DOI":"10.1364\/BOE.397615","volume":"11","author":"Bohn","year":"2020","journal-title":"Biomed. Opt. Express"},{"key":"boe-14-9-4888-R16","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"639","DOI":"10.1016\/j.ajo.2009.06.022","volume":"148","author":"Erie","year":"2009","journal-title":"Am. J. Ophthalmol."},{"key":"boe-14-9-4888-R17","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"885","DOI":"10.1016\/j.ajo.2013.05.043","volume":"156","author":"Ozgurhan","year":"2013","journal-title":"Am. J. Ophthalmol."},{"key":"boe-14-9-4888-R18","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"667","DOI":"10.1136\/bjo.2008.137430","volume":"93","author":"Zhivov","year":"2009","journal-title":"Br. J. Ophthalmol."},{"key":"boe-14-9-4888-R19","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"4333","DOI":"10.3390\/ijms21124333","volume":"21","author":"van Setten","year":"2020","journal-title":"Int. J. Mol. Sci."},{"key":"boe-14-9-4888-R20","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"2518","DOI":"10.1167\/iovs.02-0680","volume":"44","author":"Alharbi","year":"2003","journal-title":"Invest. Ophthalmol. Visual Sci."},{"key":"boe-14-9-4888-R21","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1","DOI":"10.3791\/2194","volume":"47","author":"Tavakoli","year":"2011","journal-title":"J. Visualized Exp."},{"key":"boe-14-9-4888-R22","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"466","DOI":"10.1016\/j.survophthal.2012.12.003","volume":"58","author":"Patel","year":"2013","journal-title":"Surv. Ophthalmol."},{"key":"boe-14-9-4888-R23","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"381","DOI":"10.1111\/jdi.12335","volume":"6","author":"Papanas","year":"2015"},{"key":"boe-14-9-4888-R24","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1","DOI":"10.1007\/978-1-0716-1402-0_1","volume":"2304","author":"Reilly","year":"2021","journal-title":"Methods Mol Biol"},{"key":"boe-14-9-4888-R25","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1800","DOI":"10.1364\/OL.27.001800","volume":"27","author":"Povazay","year":"2002","journal-title":"Opt. Lett."},{"key":"boe-14-9-4888-R26","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"47","DOI":"10.1117\/1.1629679","volume":"9","author":"Drexler","year":"2004","journal-title":"J. Biomed. Opt."},{"key":"boe-14-9-4888-R27","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"3037","DOI":"10.1364\/BOE.2.003037","volume":"2","author":"Yadav","year":"2011","journal-title":"Biomed. Opt. Express"},{"key":"boe-14-9-4888-R28","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"800","DOI":"10.1364\/BOE.8.000800","volume":"8","author":"Bizheva","year":"2017","journal-title":"Biomed. Opt. Express"},{"key":"boe-14-9-4888-R29","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"132","DOI":"10.1016\/j.preteyeres.2018.04.002","volume":"66","author":"Ang","year":"2018","journal-title":"Prog. Retinal Eye Res."},{"key":"boe-14-9-4888-R30","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"3248","DOI":"10.1364\/BOE.8.003248","volume":"8","author":"de Boer","year":"2017","journal-title":"Biomed. Opt. Express"},{"key":"boe-14-9-4888-R31","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"13","DOI":"10.1167\/tvst.10.6.13","volume":"10","author":"Edawaji","year":"2021","journal-title":"Trans. Vis. Sci. Tech."},{"key":"boe-14-9-4888-R32","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"581","DOI":"10.3390\/ph14060581","volume":"14","author":"Carnevale","year":"2021","journal-title":"Pharmaceuticals"},{"key":"boe-14-9-4888-R33","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"590","DOI":"10.1364\/OL.19.000590","volume":"19","author":"Izatt","year":"1994","journal-title":"Opt. Lett."},{"key":"boe-14-9-4888-R34","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"10752","DOI":"10.1038\/s41598-017-11380-0","volume":"7","author":"Chen","year":"2017","journal-title":"Sci. Rep."},{"key":"boe-14-9-4888-R35","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"557","DOI":"10.1364\/BOE.9.000557","volume":"9","author":"Mazlin","year":"2018","journal-title":"Biomed. Opt. Express"},{"key":"boe-14-9-4888-R36","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"6569","DOI":"10.1364\/BOE.9.006569","volume":"9","author":"Tan","year":"2018","journal-title":"Biomed. Opt. Express"},{"key":"boe-14-9-4888-R37","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"2849","DOI":"10.1364\/BOE.393801","volume":"11","author":"Auksorius","year":"2020","journal-title":"Biomed. Opt. Express"},{"key":"boe-14-9-4888-R38","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1868","DOI":"10.1038\/s41467-020-15792-x","volume":"11","author":"Mazlin","year":"2020","journal-title":"Nat. Commun."},{"key":"boe-14-9-4888-R39","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"5004","DOI":"10.1364\/BOE.465707","volume":"13","author":"Khan","year":"2022","journal-title":"Biomed. Opt. Express"},{"key":"boe-14-9-4888-R40","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"5579","DOI":"10.1167\/iovs.18-25311","volume":"59","author":"Beer","year":"2018","journal-title":"Invest. Ophthalmol. Visual Sci."},{"key":"boe-14-9-4888-R41","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"76","DOI":"10.3390\/photonics9020076","volume":"9","author":"Hartl","year":"2022","journal-title":"Photonics"},{"key":"boe-14-9-4888-R42","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"3489","DOI":"10.1364\/OL.35.003489","volume":"35","author":"Villiger","year":"2010","journal-title":"Opt. Lett."},{"key":"boe-14-9-4888-R43","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"071107","DOI":"10.1117\/1.JBO.21.7.071107","volume":"21","author":"Sridhar","year":"2016","journal-title":"J. Biomed. Opt"},{"key":"boe-14-9-4888-R44","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"4009","DOI":"10.1364\/AO.44.004009","volume":"44","author":"Lee","year":"2005","journal-title":"Appl. Opt."},{"key":"boe-14-9-4888-R45","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"106823","DOI":"10.1016\/j.optlaseng.2021.106823","volume":"149","author":"Maddipatla","year":"2022","journal-title":"Optics and Lasers in Engineering"},{"key":"boe-14-9-4888-R46","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"4007","DOI":"10.1364\/BOE.465916","volume":"13","author":"Han","year":"2022","journal-title":"Biomed. Opt. Express"},{"key":"boe-14-9-4888-R47","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"183","DOI":"10.1364\/OL.29.000183","volume":"29","author":"Cai","year":"2004","journal-title":"Opt. Lett."},{"key":"boe-14-9-4888-R48","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1060","DOI":"10.1364\/OL.23.001060","volume":"23","author":"Schmitt","year":"1998","journal-title":"Opt. Lett."},{"key":"boe-14-9-4888-R49","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"060503","DOI":"10.1117\/1.3037341","volume":"13","author":"Jiao","year":"2008","journal-title":"J. Biomed. Opt."},{"key":"boe-14-9-4888-R50","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"395","DOI":"10.1088\/0959-7174\/11\/4\/303","volume":"11","author":"Zimnyakov","year":"2001","journal-title":"Waves in Random Media"},{"key":"boe-14-9-4888-R51","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"6024","DOI":"10.1364\/BOE.425001","volume":"12","author":"Munter","year":"2021","journal-title":"Biomed. Opt. Express"},{"key":"boe-14-9-4888-R52","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"5096","DOI":"10.1364\/OL.468707","volume":"47","author":"Miao","year":"2022","journal-title":"Opt. Lett."},{"key":"boe-14-9-4888-R53","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"145","DOI":"10.1364\/OL.34.000145","volume":"34","author":"Murali","year":"2009","journal-title":"Opt. Lett."},{"key":"boe-14-9-4888-R54","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"2818","DOI":"10.1021\/acs.nanolett.6b00618","volume":"16","author":"Ee","year":"2016","journal-title":"Nano Lett."},{"key":"boe-14-9-4888-R55","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"2450","DOI":"10.1364\/OL.31.002450","volume":"31","author":"Leitgeb","year":"2006","journal-title":"Opt. Lett."},{"key":"boe-14-9-4888-R56","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1549","DOI":"10.1364\/BOE.8.001549","volume":"8","author":"Liu","year":"2017","journal-title":"Biomed. Opt. Express"}],"container-title":["Biomedical Optics Express"],"original-title":[],"language":"en","link":[{"URL":"https:\/\/opg.optica.org\/viewmedia.cfm?URI=boe-14-9-4888&seq=0","content-type":"unspecified","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"similarity-checking"}],"deposited":{"date-parts":[[2024,8,6]],"date-time":"2024-08-06T15:31:48Z","timestamp":1722958308000},"score":1,"resource":{"primary":{"URL":"https:\/\/opg.optica.org\/abstract.cfm?URI=boe-14-9-4888"}},"subtitle":[],"short-title":[],"issued":{"date-parts":[[2023,8,25]]},"references-count":56,"journal-issue":{"issue":"9","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2023]]},"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2023]]}},"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1364\/boe.495242","relation":{},"ISSN":["2156-7085","2156-7085"],"issn-type":[{"value":"2156-7085","type":"print"},{"value":"2156-7085","type":"electronic"}],"subject":[],"published":{"date-parts":[[2023,8,25]]},"assertion":[{"value":"Optica Publishing Group","name":"publisher","label":"This article is maintained by"},{"value":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1364\/BOE.495242","name":"articlelink","label":"Crossref DOI link to publisher maintained version"},{"value":"research-article","name":"content_type","label":"Article type"},{"value":"Screened by Similarity Check","name":"cross_check","label":"Similarity check"},{"value":"Yes","order":0,"name":"peer_reviewed","label":"Peer reviewed","group":{"name":"peer_review","label":"Peer review"}},{"value":"Single blind","order":1,"name":"review_process","label":"Review process","group":{"name":"peer_review","label":"Peer review"}},{"value":"31 May 2023","order":0,"name":"received","label":"Received","group":{"name":"publication_history","label":"Publication History"}},{"value":"16 August 2023","order":1,"name":"accepted","label":"Accepted","group":{"name":"publication_history","label":"Publication History"}},{"value":"25 August 2023","order":2,"name":"published","label":"Published","group":{"name":"publication_history","label":"Publication History"}},{"value":"\u00a9 2023 Optica Publishing Group under the terms of the Optica Open Access Publishing Agreement","name":"copyright","label":"Copyright"}]}}