{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,10,7]],"date-time":"2026-10-07T06:34:06Z","timestamp":1791354846808,"version":"4.3.1"},"reference-count":35,"publisher":"Optica Publishing Group","issue":"11","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2023,10,6]],"date-time":"2023-10-06T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1696550400000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1364\/OA_License_v2#VOR-OA"},{"start":{"date-parts":[[2023,10,6]],"date-time":"2023-10-06T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1696550400000},"content-version":"tdm","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/opg.optica.org\/policies\/opg-tdm-policy.json"}],"funder":[{"DOI":"10.13039\/100019924","name":"Richard and Loan Hill Department of Biomedical Engineering, University of Illinois at Chicago","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","id":[{"id":"10.13039\/100019924","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]},{"DOI":"10.13039\/100001818","name":"Research to Prevent Blindness","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","id":[{"id":"10.13039\/100001818","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]},{"DOI":"10.13039\/100000053","name":"National Eye Institute","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","award":["P30 EY001792"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["P30 EY001792"]}],"id":[{"id":"10.13039\/100000053","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]},{"DOI":"10.13039\/100000053","name":"National Eye Institute","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","award":["R01 EY023522"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["R01 EY023522"]}],"id":[{"id":"10.13039\/100000053","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]},{"DOI":"10.13039\/100000053","name":"National Eye Institute","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","award":["R01 EY029673"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["R01 EY029673"]}],"id":[{"id":"10.13039\/100000053","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]},{"DOI":"10.13039\/100000053","name":"National Eye Institute","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","award":["R01 EY030101"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["R01 EY030101"]}],"id":[{"id":"10.13039\/100000053","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]},{"DOI":"10.13039\/100000053","name":"National Eye Institute","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","award":["R01 EY030842"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["R01 EY030842"]}],"id":[{"id":"10.13039\/100000053","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]},{"DOI":"10.13039\/100000053","name":"National Eye Institute","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","award":["R44 EY028786"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["R44 EY028786"]}],"id":[{"id":"10.13039\/100000053","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]}],"content-domain":{"domain":["opg.optica.org"],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["Biomed. Opt. Express"],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2023,11,1]]},"abstract":"<jats:p>Multi-spectral widefield fundus photography is valuable for the clinical diagnosis and management of ocular conditions that may impact both central and peripheral regions of the retina and choroid. Trans-palpebral illumination has been demonstrated as an alternative to transpupillary illumination for widefield fundus photography without requiring pupil dilation. However, spectral efficiency can be complicated due to the spatial variance of the light property through the palpebra and sclera. This study aims to investigate the effect of light delivery location on spectral efficiency in trans-palpebral illumination. Four narrow-band light sources, covering both visible and near infrared (NIR) wavelengths, were used to evaluate spatial dependency of spectral illumination efficiency. Comparative analysis indicated a significant dependence of visible light efficiency on spatial location, while NIR light efficiency is only slightly affected by the illumination location. This study confirmed the pars plana as the optimal location for delivering visible light to achieve color imaging of the retina. Conversely, spatial location is not critical for NIR light imaging of the choroid.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.1364\/boe.499960","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2023,10,2]],"date-time":"2023-10-02T07:00:09Z","timestamp":1696230009000},"page":"5629","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1364\/crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":10,"title":["Evaluating spatial dependency of the spectral efficiency in trans-palpebral illumination for widefield fundus photography"],"prefix":"10.1364","volume":"14","author":[{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0001-6593-905X","authenticated-orcid":true,"given":"Mojtaba","family":"Rahimi","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"id":[{"id":"https:\/\/ror.org\/02mpq6x41","id-type":"ROR","asserted-by":"publisher"}]}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0003-0848-5690","authenticated-orcid":true,"given":"Alfa","family":"Rossi","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"id":[{"id":"https:\/\/ror.org\/02mpq6x41","id-type":"ROR","asserted-by":"publisher"}]}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Taeyoon","family":"Son","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"id":[{"id":"https:\/\/ror.org\/02mpq6x41","id-type":"ROR","asserted-by":"publisher"}]}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Devrim","family":"Toslak","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Antalya Training and Research Hospital"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"David","family":"Le","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"id":[{"id":"https:\/\/ror.org\/02mpq6x41","id-type":"ROR","asserted-by":"publisher"}]}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0001-7463-9470","authenticated-orcid":true,"given":"Mansour","family":"Abtahi","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"id":[{"id":"https:\/\/ror.org\/02mpq6x41","id-type":"ROR","asserted-by":"publisher"}]}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Michael J.","family":"Heiferman","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"University of Illinois at Chicago"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"R. V. Paul","family":"Chan","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"University of Illinois at Chicago"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-0356-3242","authenticated-orcid":true,"given":"Xincheng","family":"Yao","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"id":[{"id":"https:\/\/ror.org\/02mpq6x41","id-type":"ROR","asserted-by":"publisher"}]},{"name":"University of Illinois at Chicago"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"285","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2023,10,6]]},"reference":[{"key":"boe-14-11-5629-R1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"660","DOI":"10.1097\/IAE.0000000000000937","volume":"36","author":"Nagiel","year":"2016","journal-title":"Retina"},{"key":"boe-14-11-5629-R2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"251584141989949","DOI":"10.1177\/2515841419899495","volume":"12","author":"Patel","year":"2020","journal-title":"Therapeutic advances in ophthalmology"},{"key":"boe-14-11-5629-R3","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"949","DOI":"10.1016\/j.ophtha.2015.01.008","volume":"122","author":"Silva","year":"2015","journal-title":"Ophthalmology"},{"key":"boe-14-11-5629-R4","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"155","DOI":"10.1016\/S0002-9394(03)00144-2","volume":"136","author":"Lewis","year":"2003","journal-title":"Am. J. Ophthalmol."},{"key":"boe-14-11-5629-R5","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"289","DOI":"10.1177\/15353702211063477","volume":"247","author":"Yao","year":"2022","journal-title":"Exp. Biol. Med."},{"key":"boe-14-11-5629-R6","first-page":"326","volume":"36","author":"Gullstrand","year":"1910","journal-title":"Berichte Deutsche Ophthalmologische Gesellschaft"},{"key":"boe-14-11-5629-R7","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"6769","DOI":"10.1364\/AO.47.006769","volume":"47","author":"DeHoog","year":"2008","journal-title":"Appl. Opt."},{"key":"boe-14-11-5629-R8","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"198","DOI":"10.1089\/tmj.2015.0068","volume":"22","author":"Panwar","year":"2016","journal-title":"Telemedicine and e-Health"},{"key":"boe-14-11-5629-R9","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"2551","DOI":"10.1364\/OL.43.002551","volume":"43","author":"Toslak","year":"2018","journal-title":"Opt. Lett."},{"key":"boe-14-11-5629-R10","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"906","DOI":"10.1364\/BOE.481096","volume":"14","author":"Rossi","year":"2023","journal-title":"Biomed. Opt. Express"},{"key":"boe-14-11-5629-R11","first-page":"167","article-title":"Miniaturized indirect illumination with light polarization and power controls for high dynamic range fundus photography","author":"Rossi","year":"2023"},{"key":"boe-14-11-5629-R13","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"115","DOI":"10.1186\/s12886-019-1125-y","volume":"19","author":"Kato","year":"2019","journal-title":"BMC Ophthalmol."},{"key":"boe-14-11-5629-R14","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"6281","DOI":"10.1364\/BOE.406299","volume":"11","author":"Toslak","year":"2020","journal-title":"Biomed. Opt. Express"},{"key":"boe-14-11-5629-R15","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"8768","DOI":"10.1038\/s41598-018-27112-x","volume":"8","author":"Wang","year":"2018","journal-title":"Sci. Rep."},{"key":"boe-14-11-5629-R16","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"68","DOI":"10.1364\/BOE.11.000068","volume":"11","author":"Toslak","year":"2020","journal-title":"Biomed. Opt. Express"},{"key":"boe-14-11-5629-R17","first-page":"51","author":"Bye","year":"2013"},{"key":"boe-14-11-5629-R18","first-page":"11","author":"Foster","year":"2013"},{"key":"boe-14-11-5629-R19","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"331","DOI":"10.1002\/lsm.1900110404","volume":"11","author":"Vogel","year":"1991","journal-title":"Lasers Surg. Med."},{"key":"boe-14-11-5629-R20","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"3321","DOI":"10.1364\/AO.35.003321","volume":"35","author":"Nemati","year":"1996","journal-title":"Appl. Opt."},{"key":"boe-14-11-5629-R21","first-page":"184","volume":"118","author":"Zadorozhnyy","year":"2016","journal-title":"Klinika Oczna\/Acta Ophthalmologica Polonica"},{"key":"boe-14-11-5629-R22","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"2437","DOI":"10.1007\/s00417-017-3809-4","volume":"255","author":"Okamoto","year":"2017","journal-title":"Graefe's Arch. Clin. Exp. Ophthalmol."},{"key":"boe-14-11-5629-R23","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"2688","DOI":"10.1364\/OL.41.002688","volume":"41","author":"Toslak","year":"2016","journal-title":"Opt. Lett."},{"key":"boe-14-11-5629-R24","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"076003","DOI":"10.1117\/1.JBO.26.7.076003","volume":"26","author":"Stepanov","year":"2021","journal-title":"J. Biomed. Opt."},{"key":"boe-14-11-5629-R25","first-page":"5016","volume":"64","author":"Rahimi","year":"2023","journal-title":"Invest. Ophthalmol. Visual Sci."},{"key":"boe-14-11-5629-R26","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"5212","DOI":"10.1364\/BOE.397750","volume":"11","author":"Huang","year":"2020","journal-title":"Biomed. Opt. Express"},{"key":"boe-14-11-5629-R27","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"e202100285","DOI":"10.1002\/jbio.202100285","volume":"15","author":"Feng","year":"2022","journal-title":"J. Biophotonics"},{"key":"boe-14-11-5629-R28","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"13850","DOI":"10.1038\/s41598-022-18061-7","volume":"12","author":"Son","year":"2022","journal-title":"Sci. Rep."},{"key":"boe-14-11-5629-R29","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"6651","DOI":"10.1364\/BOE.433775","volume":"12","author":"Yao","year":"2021","journal-title":"Biomed. Opt. Express"},{"key":"boe-14-11-5629-R31","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"237","DOI":"10.1016\/S0002-9394(99)80096-8","volume":"125","author":"Olsen","year":"1998","journal-title":"Am. J. Ophthalmol."},{"key":"boe-14-11-5629-R34","unstructured":"Birdal T. , \u201c Sharpness Estimation From Image Gradients ,\u201d MatLab , 2023 , https:\/\/www.mathworks.com\/matlabcentral\/fileexchange\/32397-sharpness-estimation-from-image-gradients ."},{"key":"boe-14-11-5629-R35","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"300","DOI":"10.1006\/cviu.1996.0060","volume":"64","author":"Immerkaer","year":"1996","journal-title":"Computer vision and image understanding"},{"key":"boe-14-11-5629-R36","unstructured":"Birdal T. , \u201c Fast Noise Estimation in Images ,\u201d Matlab , 2023 , https:\/\/www.mathworks.com\/matlabcentral\/fileexchange\/36941-fast-noise-estimation-in-images ."},{"key":"boe-14-11-5629-R37","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"448","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jtos.2018.07.001","volume":"16","author":"Hwang","year":"2018","journal-title":"The ocular surface"},{"key":"boe-14-11-5629-R38","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"067011","DOI":"10.1117\/1.3593151","volume":"16","author":"Bierman","year":"2011","journal-title":"J. Biomed. Opt."},{"key":"boe-14-11-5629-R39","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"197","DOI":"10.1134\/S0030400X10080084","volume":"109","author":"Bashkatov","year":"2010","journal-title":"Opt. Spectrosc."}],"container-title":["Biomedical Optics Express"],"original-title":[],"language":"en","link":[{"URL":"https:\/\/opg.optica.org\/viewmedia.cfm?URI=boe-14-11-5629&seq=0","content-type":"unspecified","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"similarity-checking"}],"deposited":{"date-parts":[[2024,8,6]],"date-time":"2024-08-06T15:33:16Z","timestamp":1722958396000},"score":1,"resource":{"primary":{"URL":"https:\/\/opg.optica.org\/abstract.cfm?URI=boe-14-11-5629"}},"subtitle":[],"short-title":[],"issued":{"date-parts":[[2023,10,6]]},"references-count":35,"journal-issue":{"issue":"11","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2023]]},"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2023]]}},"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1364\/boe.499960","relation":{"has-preprint":[{"id-type":"doi","id":"10.1364\/opticaopen.23638995","asserted-by":"subject"}]},"ISSN":["2156-7085","2156-7085"],"issn-type":[{"value":"2156-7085","type":"print"},{"value":"2156-7085","type":"electronic"}],"subject":[],"published":{"date-parts":[[2023,10,6]]},"assertion":[{"value":"Optica Publishing Group","name":"publisher","label":"This article is maintained by"},{"value":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1364\/BOE.499960","name":"articlelink","label":"Crossref DOI link to publisher maintained version"},{"value":"research-article","name":"content_type","label":"Article type"},{"value":"Screened by Similarity Check","name":"cross_check","label":"Similarity check"},{"value":"Yes","order":0,"name":"peer_reviewed","label":"Peer reviewed","group":{"name":"peer_review","label":"Peer review"}},{"value":"Single blind","order":1,"name":"review_process","label":"Review process","group":{"name":"peer_review","label":"Peer review"}},{"value":"7 July 2023","order":0,"name":"received","label":"Received","group":{"name":"publication_history","label":"Publication History"}},{"value":"27 September 2023","order":1,"name":"accepted","label":"Accepted","group":{"name":"publication_history","label":"Publication History"}},{"value":"6 October 2023","order":2,"name":"published","label":"Published","group":{"name":"publication_history","label":"Publication History"}},{"value":"\u00a9 2023 Optica Publishing Group under the terms of the Optica Open Access Publishing Agreement","name":"copyright","label":"Copyright"}]}}