{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,8,18]],"date-time":"2026-08-18T13:57:47Z","timestamp":1787061467419,"version":"build-2736575974"},"reference-count":43,"publisher":"Optica Publishing Group","issue":"10","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2024,9,13]],"date-time":"2024-09-13T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1726185600000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1364\/OA_License_v2#VOR-OA"},{"start":{"date-parts":[[2024,9,13]],"date-time":"2024-09-13T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1726185600000},"content-version":"tdm","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/opg.optica.org\/policies\/opg-tdm-policy.json"}],"funder":[{"DOI":"10.13039\/501100001809","name":"National Natural Science Foundation of China","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","award":["61975030"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["61975030"]}],"id":[{"id":"10.13039\/501100001809","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]},{"DOI":"10.13039\/501100021171","name":"Basic and Applied Basic Research Foundation of Guangdong Province","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","award":["2020A1515111108"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["2020A1515111108"]}],"id":[{"id":"10.13039\/501100021171","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]},{"DOI":"10.13039\/501100021171","name":"Basic and Applied Basic Research Foundation of Guangdong Province","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","award":["2024A1515011344"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["2024A1515011344"]}],"id":[{"id":"10.13039\/501100021171","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]},{"DOI":"10.13039\/100016691","name":"Guangdong Provincial Pearl River Talents Program","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","award":["2019ZT08Y105"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["2019ZT08Y105"]}],"id":[{"id":"10.13039\/100016691","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]},{"name":"Guangdong Eye Intelligent Medical Imaging Equipment Engineering Technology Research Center","award":["2022E076"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["2022E076"]}]},{"name":"Guangdong-Hong Kong-Macao Intelligent Micro-Nano Optoelectronic Technology Joint Laboratory","award":["2020B1212030010"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["2020B1212030010"]}]},{"DOI":"10.13039\/100000053","name":"National Eye Institute","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","award":["P30EY07551"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["P30EY07551"]}],"id":[{"id":"10.13039\/100000053","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]},{"DOI":"10.13039\/100000053","name":"National Eye Institute","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","award":["R01EY022362"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["R01EY022362"]}],"id":[{"id":"10.13039\/100000053","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]},{"DOI":"10.13039\/100000053","name":"National Eye Institute","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","award":["R01EY022362."],"award-info":[{"award-number":["R01EY022362."]}],"id":[{"id":"10.13039\/100000053","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]}],"content-domain":{"domain":["opg.optica.org"],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["Biomed. Opt. Express"],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2024,10,1]]},"abstract":"<jats:p>\n                    Optical coherence elastography (OCE) has recently been used to characterize the natural frequencies of delicate tissues (e.g., the\n                    <jats:italic>in vivo<\/jats:italic>\n                    human cornea) with sub-micron tissue oscillation magnitudes. Here, we investigate broadband spectrum sample stimulation using a contact-based piezoelectric transducer (PZT) chirp excitation and compare its performance with a non-contact, air-pulse excitation for OCE measurements on 1.0-7.5% agar phantoms and an\n                    <jats:italic>ex vivo<\/jats:italic>\n                    porcine cornea under intraocular pressures (IOPs) of 5-40 mmHg. The 3-ms duration air-pulse generated a \u223c0\u2013840 Hz excitation spectrum, effectively quantifying the first-order natural frequencies in softer samples (e.g., 1.0%\u20134.0% agar: 239\u2013782 Hz, 198 Hz\/%; porcine cornea: 68\u2013414 Hz, 18 Hz\/mmHg, IOP: 5\u201325 mmHg), but displayed limitations in measuring natural frequencies for stiffer samples (e.g., 4.5%\u20137.5% agar, porcine cornea: IOP\u2009\u2265\u200930 mmHg) or higher order natural frequency components. In contrast, the chirp excitation produced a much wider spectrum (e.g., 0\u20135000 Hz), enabling the quantification of both first-order natural frequencies (1.0%\u20137.5% agar: 253\u20131429 Hz, 181 Hz\/%; porcine cornea: 76\u20131240 Hz, 32 Hz\/mmHg, IOP: 5\u201340 mmHg) and higher order natural frequencies. A modified Bland-Altman analysis (mean versus relative difference in natural frequency) showed a bias of 20.4%, attributed to the additional mass and frequency introduced by the contact nature of the PZT probe. These findings, especially the advantages and limitations of both excitation methods, can be utilized to validate the potential application of natural frequency OCE, paving the way for the ongoing development of biomechanical characterization methods utilizing sub-micron tissue oscillation features.\n                  <\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.1364\/boe.536685","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2024,9,9]],"date-time":"2024-09-09T00:00:26Z","timestamp":1725840026000},"page":"5856","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1364\/crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":6,"title":["Chirp excitation for natural frequency optical coherence elastography"],"prefix":"10.1364","volume":"15","author":[{"given":"Chengjin","family":"Song","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"id":[{"id":"https:\/\/ror.org\/02xvvvp28","id-type":"ROR","asserted-by":"publisher"}]}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Weichao","family":"He","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"id":[{"id":"https:\/\/ror.org\/02xvvvp28","id-type":"ROR","asserted-by":"publisher"}]}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Pengfei","family":"Song","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"id":[{"id":"https:\/\/ror.org\/02xvvvp28","id-type":"ROR","asserted-by":"publisher"}]}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Jinping","family":"Feng","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Hubei University of Science and Technology"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Yanping","family":"Huang","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"id":[{"id":"https:\/\/ror.org\/02xvvvp28","id-type":"ROR","asserted-by":"publisher"}]},{"name":"Guangdong Weiren Meditech Co., Ltd."}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-0016-5791","authenticated-orcid":true,"given":"Jingjiang","family":"Xu","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"id":[{"id":"https:\/\/ror.org\/02xvvvp28","id-type":"ROR","asserted-by":"publisher"}]},{"name":"Guangdong Weiren Meditech Co., Ltd."}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Lin","family":"An","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Guangdong Weiren Meditech Co., Ltd."}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Jia","family":"Qin","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Guangdong Weiren Meditech Co., Ltd."}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Kai","family":"Gao","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Sun Yat-sen University"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0003-4544-5153","authenticated-orcid":true,"given":"Michael D.","family":"Twa","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"University of Houston"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-6928-2398","authenticated-orcid":true,"given":"Gongpu","family":"Lan","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"id":[{"id":"https:\/\/ror.org\/02xvvvp28","id-type":"ROR","asserted-by":"publisher"}]},{"name":"Guangdong Weiren Meditech Co., Ltd."}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"285","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2024,9,13]]},"reference":[{"key":"boe-15-10-5856-R1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"217","DOI":"10.1038\/s41568-020-00329-7","volume":"21","author":"Cox","year":"2021","journal-title":"Nat. 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