{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,8,25]],"date-time":"2026-08-25T01:01:09Z","timestamp":1787619669371,"version":"build-2736575974"},"reference-count":23,"publisher":"Optica Publishing Group","issue":"7","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2025,6,10]],"date-time":"2025-06-10T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1749513600000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1364\/OA_License_v2#VOR-OA"},{"start":{"date-parts":[[2025,6,10]],"date-time":"2025-06-10T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1749513600000},"content-version":"tdm","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/opg.optica.org\/policies\/opg-tdm-policy.json"}],"content-domain":{"domain":["opg.optica.org"],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["Biomed. Opt. Express"],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2025,7,1]]},"abstract":"<jats:p>\n                    Adaptive optics (AO) imaging of the human retina is an emerging clinical technique that confers the highest possible spatial resolution of this tissue\n                    <jats:italic>in vivo<\/jats:italic>\n                    . To support consistent imaging performance across time and devices, we have designed and fabricated a robust and user-friendly phantom that can determine lateral resolution and contrast with 3D-printed microstructures approximating cone photoreceptors. We have carefully characterized multiple copies of this phantom via microscopic imaging and metrology, and we also demonstrated the phantom\u2019s utility with two different AO imaging modalities. Our results indicate that this phantom, with its associated ground truth data, can be a very effective qualitative and quantitative evaluation tool for ophthalmic AO devices.\n                  <\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.1364\/boe.551755","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2025,1,20]],"date-time":"2025-01-20T11:00:18Z","timestamp":1737370818000},"page":"2692","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1364\/crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":4,"title":["3D-printed phantoms for measuring lateral resolution and contrast performance of ophthalmic adaptive optics imaging systems"],"prefix":"10.1364","volume":"16","author":[{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0001-8573-0042","authenticated-orcid":true,"given":"Anant","family":"Agrawal","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"id":[{"id":"https:\/\/ror.org\/034xvzb47","id-type":"ROR","asserted-by":"publisher"}]}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Ian","family":"Rosenthal","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"id":[{"id":"https:\/\/ror.org\/034xvzb47","id-type":"ROR","asserted-by":"publisher"}]},{"name":"University of Maryland"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Declan","family":"Fitzgerald","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"id":[{"id":"https:\/\/ror.org\/034xvzb47","id-type":"ROR","asserted-by":"publisher"}]},{"name":"University of Maryland"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0001-8019-2054","authenticated-orcid":true,"given":"Zhuolin","family":"Liu","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"id":[{"id":"https:\/\/ror.org\/034xvzb47","id-type":"ROR","asserted-by":"publisher"}]}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Ryan","family":"Sochol","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"University of Maryland"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0003-0532-1914","authenticated-orcid":true,"given":"Daniel X.","family":"Hammer","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"id":[{"id":"https:\/\/ror.org\/034xvzb47","id-type":"ROR","asserted-by":"publisher"}]}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"285","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2025,6,10]]},"reference":[{"key":"boe-16-7-2692-R1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1307","DOI":"10.1364\/BOE.485371","volume":"14","author":"Williams","year":"2023","journal-title":"Biomed. Opt. Express"},{"key":"boe-16-7-2692-R2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"244","DOI":"10.1038\/s41433-020-01286-z","volume":"35","author":"Akyol","year":"2021","journal-title":"Eye"},{"key":"boe-16-7-2692-R3","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"115","DOI":"10.1146\/annurev-vision-030320-041255","volume":"6","author":"Miller","year":"2020","journal-title":"Ann. Rev. Vis. Sci."},{"key":"boe-16-7-2692-R4","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"387","DOI":"10.1364\/BOE.472274","volume":"14","author":"Morgan","year":"2023","journal-title":"Biomed. Opt. Express"},{"key":"boe-16-7-2692-R5","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1","DOI":"10.1016\/j.preteyeres.2018.08.002","volume":"68","author":"Burns","year":"2019","journal-title":"Prog. Retin. Eye. Res."},{"key":"boe-16-7-2692-R6","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"112","DOI":"10.1111\/cxo.12988","volume":"103","author":"Bedggood","year":"2020","journal-title":"Clin. Exp. Optom."},{"key":"boe-16-7-2692-R7","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"BIO255","DOI":"10.1167\/iovs.17-21868","volume":"58","author":"Litts","year":"2017","journal-title":"Invest. Ophthalmol. Vis. Sci."},{"key":"boe-16-7-2692-R8","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"3527","DOI":"10.1167\/iovs.19-27135","volume":"60","author":"Zhang","year":"2019","journal-title":"Invest. Ophthalmol. Vis. Sci."},{"key":"boe-16-7-2692-R9","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"369","DOI":"10.1016\/j.survophthal.2021.05.012","volume":"67","author":"Bakker","year":"2022","journal-title":"Surv. Ophthalmol."},{"key":"boe-16-7-2692-R10","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1825","DOI":"10.1364\/OL.44.001825","volume":"44","author":"Kedia","year":"2019","journal-title":"Opt. Lett."},{"key":"boe-16-7-2692-R11","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"2757","DOI":"10.1364\/OME.400450","volume":"10","author":"Lamont","year":"2020","journal-title":"Opt. Mater. Express"},{"key":"boe-16-7-2692-R12","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"3378","DOI":"10.1364\/BOE.6.003378","volume":"6","author":"Liu","year":"2015","journal-title":"Biomed. Opt. Express"},{"key":"boe-16-7-2692-R13","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"497","DOI":"10.1002\/cne.902920402","volume":"292","author":"Curcio","year":"1990","journal-title":"J. Comp. Neurol."},{"key":"boe-16-7-2692-R14","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1670","DOI":"10.3390\/s18061670","volume":"18","author":"Agrawal","year":"2018","journal-title":"Sensors"},{"key":"boe-16-7-2692-R15","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"676","DOI":"10.1038\/nmeth.2019","volume":"9","author":"Schindelin","year":"2012","journal-title":"Nat. Methods"},{"key":"boe-16-7-2692-R16","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"4246","DOI":"10.1364\/BOE.9.004246","volume":"9","author":"Liu","year":"2018","journal-title":"Biomed. Opt. Express"},{"key":"boe-16-7-2692-R17","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1067","DOI":"10.1016\/0042-6989(95)00225-1","volume":"36","author":"Miller","year":"1996","journal-title":"Vision Res."},{"key":"boe-16-7-2692-R18","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"34","DOI":"10.1016\/j.visres.2016.06.006","volume":"132","author":"Sawides","year":"2017","journal-title":"Vision Res."},{"key":"boe-16-7-2692-R19","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"45","DOI":"10.1016\/j.mee.2018.03.009","volume":"194","author":"Purtov","year":"2018","journal-title":"Microelectron. Eng."},{"key":"boe-16-7-2692-R21","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"e0296493","DOI":"10.1371\/journal.pone.0296493","volume":"19","author":"Kitahata","year":"2024","journal-title":"PLoS One"},{"key":"boe-16-7-2692-R22","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"68","DOI":"10.1038\/s43856-024-00483-1","volume":"4","author":"Das","year":"2024","journal-title":"Commun. Med."},{"key":"boe-16-7-2692-R24","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"642","DOI":"10.1364\/OPTICA.418274","volume":"8","author":"Soltanian-Zadeh","year":"2021","journal-title":"Optica"},{"key":"boe-16-7-2692-R25","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"815","DOI":"10.1364\/BOE.478693","volume":"14","author":"Soltanian-Zadeh","year":"2023","journal-title":"Biomed. Opt. Express"}],"container-title":["Biomedical Optics Express"],"original-title":[],"language":"en","link":[{"URL":"https:\/\/opg.optica.org\/viewmedia.cfm?URI=boe-16-7-2692&seq=0","content-type":"unspecified","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"similarity-checking"}],"deposited":{"date-parts":[[2025,6,10]],"date-time":"2025-06-10T09:54:03Z","timestamp":1749549243000},"score":1,"resource":{"primary":{"URL":"https:\/\/opg.optica.org\/abstract.cfm?URI=boe-16-7-2692"}},"subtitle":[],"short-title":[],"issued":{"date-parts":[[2025,6,10]]},"references-count":23,"journal-issue":{"issue":"7","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2025]]},"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2025]]}},"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1364\/boe.551755","relation":{},"ISSN":["2156-7085","2156-7085"],"issn-type":[{"value":"2156-7085","type":"print"},{"value":"2156-7085","type":"electronic"}],"subject":[],"published":{"date-parts":[[2025,6,10]]},"assertion":[{"value":"Optica Publishing Group","name":"publisher","label":"This article is maintained by"},{"value":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1364\/BOE.551755","name":"articlelink","label":"Crossref DOI link to publisher maintained version"},{"value":"research-article","name":"content_type","label":"Article type"},{"value":"Screened by Similarity Check","name":"cross_check","label":"Similarity check"},{"value":"Yes","order":0,"name":"peer_reviewed","label":"Peer reviewed","group":{"name":"peer_review","label":"Peer review"}},{"value":"Single blind","order":1,"name":"review_process","label":"Review process","group":{"name":"peer_review","label":"Peer review"}},{"value":"12 December 2024","order":0,"name":"received","label":"Received","group":{"name":"publication_history","label":"Publication History"}},{"value":"17 January 2025","order":1,"name":"accepted","label":"Accepted","group":{"name":"publication_history","label":"Publication History"}},{"value":"10 June 2025","order":2,"name":"published","label":"Published","group":{"name":"publication_history","label":"Publication History"}},{"value":"\u00a9 2025 Optica Publishing Group under the terms of the Optica Open Access Publishing Agreement","name":"copyright","label":"Copyright"}]}}