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Opt. Express"],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2025,11,1]]},"abstract":"<jats:p>\n                    Visualizing and monitoring morphological and functional information of\n\t\t\t\t\tmicrovasculature, including arterioles and venules, plays a crucial\n\t\t\t\t\trole in assessing vascular-related diseases. Clinical angiography\n\t\t\t\t\tmethods have limitations in observing small peripheral microvessels\n\t\t\t\t\tdown to 100\u2005\u03bcm. Here, this study achieved\n\t\t\t\t\tthree-dimensional (3D) non-invasive imaging of the subcutaneous\n\t\t\t\t\tmicrovascular network and monitored hemodynamic change by using an\n\t\t\t\t\tultrasound (US)\/photoacoustic (PA) dual-modality imaging system. Not\n\t\t\t\t\tonly were the microvasculature and subcutaneous tissues in the\n\t\t\t\t\textremities visualized with high resolution, but also the quantitative\n\t\t\t\t\toxygen saturation (sO\n                    <jats:sub>2<\/jats:sub>\n                    ) of microvessels was measured. To\n\t\t\t\t\tmonitor the hemodynamic change in microvasculature, vascular occlusion\n\t\t\t\t\twas performed to simulate vascular-related disease, and successfully\n\t\t\t\t\tmeasured multiple parameters, such as average PA amplitude, oxygenated\n\t\t\t\t\themoglobin (HbO\n                    <jats:sub>2<\/jats:sub>\n                    ), deoxygenated hemoglobin (Hb), and\n\t\t\t\t\tsO\n                    <jats:sub>2<\/jats:sub>\n                    , during normal perfusion, vascular occlusion, and\n\t\t\t\t\treperfusion processes, respectively. Based on the preliminary results,\n\t\t\t\t\tthe high-frequency 3D US\/PA dual-modality imaging shows great\n\t\t\t\t\tpotential in early diagnosis and therapeutic monitoring of\n\t\t\t\t\tmicrovascular-related diseases.\n                  <\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.1364\/boe.577152","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2025,10,20]],"date-time":"2025-10-20T08:00:06Z","timestamp":1760947206000},"page":"4902","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1364\/crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":2,"title":["High-resolution three-dimensional quantitative photoacoustic and ultrasound imaging of subcutaneous microvasculature in extremities"],"prefix":"10.1364","volume":"16","author":[{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0001-7127-3186","authenticated-orcid":true,"given":"Xing","family":"Long","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"id":[{"id":"https:\/\/ror.org\/02v51f717","id-type":"ROR","asserted-by":"publisher"}]},{"name":"Peking Union Medical College Hospital, Chinese Academy of Medical Science and Peking Union Medical College"},{"name":"Georgia Institute of Technology and Emory University School of Medicine"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Xinyue","family":"Huang","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Georgia Institute of Technology and Emory University School of Medicine"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Meng","family":"Yang","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Peking Union Medical College Hospital, Chinese Academy of Medical Science and Peking Union Medical College"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-7098-133X","authenticated-orcid":true,"given":"Stanislav","family":"Emelianov","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Georgia Institute of Technology and Emory University School of Medicine"},{"name":"Georgia Institute of Technology"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-6179-2684","authenticated-orcid":true,"given":"Changhui","family":"Li","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"id":[{"id":"https:\/\/ror.org\/02v51f717","id-type":"ROR","asserted-by":"publisher"}]}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"285","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2025,10,31]]},"reference":[{"key":"boe-16-11-4902-R1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"286","DOI":"10.1161\/CIR.0000000000001153","type":"journal-article","volume":"148","author":"Allison","year":"2023","journal-title":"Circulation"},{"key":"boe-16-11-4902-R2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"449","DOI":"10.1161\/CIRCULATIONAHA.119.040672","type":"journal-article","volume":"140","author":"Beckman","year":"2019","journal-title":"Circulation"},{"key":"boe-16-11-4902-R3","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"534","DOI":"10.1161\/ATVBAHA.119.312859","type":"journal-article","volume":"40","author":"Behroozian","year":"2020","journal-title":"Arterioscler. Thromb. Vasc.\n\t\t\t\t\tBiol."},{"key":"boe-16-11-4902-R4","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"770","DOI":"10.1089\/jwh.2019.7826","type":"journal-article","volume":"29","author":"Patel","year":"2020","journal-title":"Journal of Women's Health"},{"key":"boe-16-11-4902-R5","first-page":"2565","type":"journal-article","volume":"5","author":"Benegal","year":"2020","journal-title":"Int. J. Contemp. Med."},{"key":"boe-16-11-4902-R6","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"2006","DOI":"10.1016\/j.athoracsur.2011.02.068","type":"journal-article","volume":"91","author":"Baikoussis","year":"2011","journal-title":"Ann. 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