{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,9,12]],"date-time":"2026-09-12T13:06:04Z","timestamp":1789218364728,"version":"build-2803163510"},"reference-count":42,"publisher":"Optica Publishing Group","issue":"1","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2025,12,10]],"date-time":"2025-12-10T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1765324800000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/4.0\/"},{"start":{"date-parts":[[2025,12,10]],"date-time":"2025-12-10T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1765324800000},"content-version":"tdm","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/opg.optica.org\/policies\/opg-tdm-policy.json"}],"funder":[{"DOI":"10.13039\/501100000266","name":"Engineering and Physical Sciences Research Council","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","award":["EP\/T020903\/1"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["EP\/T020903\/1"]}],"id":[{"id":"10.13039\/501100000266","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]}],"content-domain":{"domain":["opg.optica.org"],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["Biomed. Opt. Express"],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2026,1,1]]},"abstract":"<jats:p>\n                    Laser ablation offers the potential for precisely removing pathological tissue without damaging surrounding healthy structures. Among the existing laser types, deep ultraviolet ultrashort pulsed lasers offer the highest axial precision and reduced collateral damage, yet their application for ablating soft tissues apart from the cornea remains underexplored. Here, ablation of\n                    <jats:italic>ex vivo<\/jats:italic>\n                    lamb liver using laser pulses at 206 nm wavelength and 250 fs pulse duration is investigated. Laser parameters that enable clean, controlled tissue removal are identified by systematically varying the laser pulse energy, spot size, and pulse repetition rate, and the ablated tissues are analysed using histological analysis and surface profilometry. With optimised settings, tissue removal with axial precision down to 10 microns is demonstrated. Ablation threshold fluence of 38.7 \u00b1 2.1 mJ\u00b7cm\n                    <jats:sup>\u22122<\/jats:sup>\n                    is determined for lamb liver tissue, and fluence windows yielding precise ablation with no observable collateral damage are defined for different laser spot sizes. The ablation responses of tissues with different physical properties are also investigated. These results advance understanding of laser-tissue interaction in the deep ultraviolet ultrashort pulse regime and demonstrate the potential of the proposed tissue removal method for high-precision surgical applications.\n                  <\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.1364\/boe.578629","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2025,12,3]],"date-time":"2025-12-03T09:00:08Z","timestamp":1764752408000},"page":"183","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1364\/crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":3,"title":["Deep ultraviolet ultrashort laser pulses for precise ablation of soft biological tissue"],"prefix":"10.1364","volume":"17","author":[{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0009-0002-7849-0663","authenticated-orcid":true,"given":"Tatiana K.","family":"Malikova","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"id":[{"id":"https:\/\/ror.org\/04mghma93","id-type":"ROR","asserted-by":"publisher"}]}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Rainer J.","family":"Beck","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"id":[{"id":"https:\/\/ror.org\/04mghma93","id-type":"ROR","asserted-by":"publisher"}]}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Timothy P.","family":"Frazer","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"id":[{"id":"https:\/\/ror.org\/04mghma93","id-type":"ROR","asserted-by":"publisher"}]}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Paul M.","family":"Brennan","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"University of Edinburgh"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Kevin","family":"Dhaliwal","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"University of Edinburgh"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Robert R.","family":"Thomson","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"id":[{"id":"https:\/\/ror.org\/04mghma93","id-type":"ROR","asserted-by":"publisher"}]}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0001-9127-1428","authenticated-orcid":true,"given":"Jonathan D.","family":"Shephard","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"id":[{"id":"https:\/\/ror.org\/04mghma93","id-type":"ROR","asserted-by":"publisher"}]}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"285","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2025,12,10]]},"reference":[{"key":"boe-17-1-183-R1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"190","DOI":"10.3171\/jns.2001.95.2.0190","type":"journal-article","volume":"95","author":"Lacroix","year":"2001","journal-title":"J. Neurosurg."},{"key":"boe-17-1-183-R2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"430","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1463-1318.2007.01161.x","type":"journal-article","volume":"9","author":"Konyalian","year":"2007","journal-title":"Colorectal Dis. The Off. J. Assoc. Coloproctology Gt. Br. Irel"},{"key":"boe-17-1-183-R3","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"760","DOI":"10.3171\/2023.1.JNS221798","type":"journal-article","volume":"139","author":"Schupper","year":"2023","journal-title":"J. Neurosurg."},{"key":"boe-17-1-183-R4","first-page":"573","article-title":"Lasers in neurology","author":"SiposanJel\u00ednkov\u00e1","year":"2013"},{"key":"boe-17-1-183-R5","author":"Niemz","year":"2019"},{"key":"boe-17-1-183-R6","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"577","DOI":"10.1021\/cr010379n","type":"journal-article","volume":"103","author":"Vogel","year":"2003","journal-title":"Chem. Rev."},{"key":"boe-17-1-183-R7","first-page":"604","article-title":"Lasers in dentistry","author":"Dost\u00e1lov\u00e1","year":"2013"},{"key":"boe-17-1-183-R8","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"437","DOI":"10.1002\/lsm.23158","type":"journal-article","volume":"52","author":"Arkhipova","year":"2020","journal-title":"Lasers Surg. Med."},{"key":"boe-17-1-183-R9","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"080501","DOI":"10.1117\/1.JBO.27.8.080501","type":"journal-article","volume":"27","author":"Gabay","year":"2022","journal-title":"J. Biomed. Opt."},{"key":"boe-17-1-183-R10","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"3042","DOI":"10.1002\/lary.30713","type":"journal-article","volume":"133","author":"Andrus","year":"2023","journal-title":"The Laryngoscope"},{"key":"boe-17-1-183-R11","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"20261","DOI":"10.1038\/s41598-020-73349-w","type":"journal-article","volume":"10","author":"Beck","year":"2020","journal-title":"Sci. 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Laser Surg."},{"key":"boe-17-1-183-R32","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"399","DOI":"10.1016\/S1076-6332(05)80342-3","type":"journal-article","volume":"2","author":"Goldberg","year":"1995","journal-title":"Academic Radiology"},{"key":"boe-17-1-183-R33","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"22","DOI":"10.1002\/(SICI)1096-9101(2000)26:1<22::AID-LSM5>3.0.CO;2-R","type":"journal-article","volume":"26","author":"Sanders","year":"2000","journal-title":"Lasers Surg. Med."},{"key":"boe-17-1-183-R34","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1985","DOI":"10.1364\/BOE.449312","type":"journal-article","volume":"13","author":"Katta","year":"2022","journal-title":"Biomed. Opt. 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Express"}],"container-title":["Biomedical Optics Express"],"original-title":[],"language":"en","link":[{"URL":"https:\/\/opg.optica.org\/viewmedia.cfm?URI=boe-17-1-183&seq=0","content-type":"unspecified","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"similarity-checking"}],"deposited":{"date-parts":[[2026,5,11]],"date-time":"2026-05-11T20:23:04Z","timestamp":1778530984000},"score":1,"resource":{"primary":{"URL":"https:\/\/opg.optica.org\/abstract.cfm?URI=boe-17-1-183"}},"subtitle":[],"short-title":[],"issued":{"date-parts":[[2025,12,10]]},"references-count":42,"journal-issue":{"issue":"1","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2026]]},"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2026]]}},"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1364\/boe.578629","relation":{},"ISSN":["2156-7085","2156-7085"],"issn-type":[{"value":"2156-7085","type":"print"},{"value":"2156-7085","type":"electronic"}],"subject":[],"published":{"date-parts":[[2025,12,10]]},"assertion":[{"value":"Optica Publishing Group","name":"publisher","label":"This article is maintained by"},{"value":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1364\/BOE.578629","name":"articlelink","label":"Crossref DOI link to publisher maintained version"},{"value":"research-article","name":"content_type","label":"Article type"},{"value":"Screened by Similarity Check","name":"cross_check","label":"Similarity check"},{"value":"Yes","order":0,"name":"peer_reviewed","label":"Peer reviewed","group":{"name":"peer_review","label":"Peer review"}},{"value":"Single blind","order":1,"name":"review_process","label":"Review process","group":{"name":"peer_review","label":"Peer review"}},{"value":"15 September 2025","order":0,"name":"received","label":"Received","group":{"name":"publication_history","label":"Publication History"}},{"value":"2 December 2025","order":1,"name":"accepted","label":"Accepted","group":{"name":"publication_history","label":"Publication History"}},{"value":"10 December 2025","order":2,"name":"published","label":"Published","group":{"name":"publication_history","label":"Publication History"}},{"value":"Published by Optica Publishing Group under the terms of the Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 License. Further distribution of this work must maintain attribution to the author(s) and the published article\u2019s title, journal citation, and DOI.","name":"copyright","label":"Copyright"}]}}