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Opt. Express"],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2026,1,1]]},"abstract":"<jats:p>We present a fully 3D-printed, broadband endomicroscopic objective\n\t\t\t\t\toptimized for near-infrared two-photon fluorescence imaging, featuring\n\t\t\t\t\ta compact, alignment-free design. The objective provides a numerical\n\t\t\t\t\taperture of 0.6 in water immersion over a 200 \u00b5m field of view\n\t\t\t\t\tand maintains near diffraction-limited performance across the\n\t\t\t\t\t720\u2013950 nm excitation band. Monolithically fabricated with\n\t\t\t\t\tmulti-material via two-photon polymerization (2PP), the three-element\n\t\t\t\t\trefractive objective achieves a 2 mm lens mechanical diameter, a\n\t\t\t\t\tmechanical housing diameter of 3 mm, and a total length of 2.1 mm with\n\t\t\t\t\tan approximately 10-hour build time. A self-aligning architecture\n\t\t\t\t\tintegrates the printed half-housing with the optics to minimize\n\t\t\t\t\tassembly error, yielding sub-10 \u00b5m element decenter and\n\t\t\t\t\t&lt;0.1\u00b0 element tilt. Optical performance was validated using\n\t\t\t\t\ta resolution target and biological specimens, with broadband\n\t\t\t\t\texcitation behavior assessed by two-photon imaging of pollen grains\n\t\t\t\t\tacross multiple excitation wavelengths, and with autofluorescence\n\t\t\t\t\timaging of fresh mouse liver confirming feasibility for in situ tissue\n\t\t\t\t\timaging. This work demonstrates the potential of fully printed\n\t\t\t\t\tbroadband objectives for compact, high-performance endomicroscopy and\n\t\t\t\t\tintegrated biomedical optics.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.1364\/boe.579476","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2025,12,2]],"date-time":"2025-12-02T09:00:09Z","timestamp":1764666009000},"page":"82","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1364\/crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":1,"title":["Fully 3D-printed endomicroscopic objective for two-photon, multi-wavelength excitation microscopy"],"prefix":"10.1364","volume":"17","author":[{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0009-0009-7962-4513","authenticated-orcid":true,"given":"Jinyun","family":"Liu","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"id":[{"id":"https:\/\/ror.org\/008zs3103","id-type":"ROR","asserted-by":"publisher"}]}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Roy","family":"Lycke","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"id":[{"id":"https:\/\/ror.org\/008zs3103","id-type":"ROR","asserted-by":"publisher"}]}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Lan","family":"Luan","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"id":[{"id":"https:\/\/ror.org\/008zs3103","id-type":"ROR","asserted-by":"publisher"}]}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Tomasz S.","family":"Tkaczyk","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"id":[{"id":"https:\/\/ror.org\/008zs3103","id-type":"ROR","asserted-by":"publisher"}]}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"285","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2025,12,4]]},"reference":[{"key":"boe-17-1-82-R1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1","DOI":"10.1002\/0471143030.cb0411s59","type":"journal-article","volume":"59","author":"Benninger","year":"2013","journal-title":"Curr. 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