{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,7,30]],"date-time":"2026-07-30T15:22:02Z","timestamp":1785424922536,"version":"3.56.0"},"reference-count":60,"publisher":"Optica Publishing Group","issue":"4","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2026,3,10]],"date-time":"2026-03-10T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1773100800000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1364\/OA_License_v2#VOR-OA"},{"start":{"date-parts":[[2026,3,10]],"date-time":"2026-03-10T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1773100800000},"content-version":"tdm","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/opg.optica.org\/policies\/opg-tdm-policy.json"}],"funder":[{"DOI":"10.13039\/501100003725","name":"National Research Foundation of Korea","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","award":["2020R1A6A1A03047902"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["2020R1A6A1A03047902"]}],"id":[{"id":"10.13039\/501100003725","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"crossref"},{"id":"https:\/\/ror.org\/013aysd81","id-type":"ROR","asserted-by":"publisher"}]},{"DOI":"10.13039\/501100003725","name":"National Research Foundation of Korea","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","award":["2023R1A2C3004880"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["2023R1A2C3004880"]}],"id":[{"id":"10.13039\/501100003725","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"crossref"},{"id":"https:\/\/ror.org\/013aysd81","id-type":"ROR","asserted-by":"publisher"}]},{"DOI":"10.13039\/501100003725","name":"National Research Foundation of Korea","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","award":["RS-2024-00340633"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["RS-2024-00340633"]}],"id":[{"id":"10.13039\/501100003725","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"crossref"},{"id":"https:\/\/ror.org\/013aysd81","id-type":"ROR","asserted-by":"publisher"}]},{"name":"the Commercialization Promotion Agency for R&D Outcomes","award":["RS-2025\u201302304660"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["RS-2025\u201302304660"]}]},{"DOI":"10.13039\/501100003710","name":"Korea Health Industry Development Institute","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","award":["RS-2024\u201300512879"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["RS-2024\u201300512879"]}],"id":[{"id":"10.13039\/501100003710","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"crossref"},{"id":"https:\/\/ror.org\/00fdzyk40","id-type":"ROR","asserted-by":"publisher"}]},{"name":"BK21 FOUR program"}],"content-domain":{"domain":["opg.optica.org"],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["Biomed. Opt. Express"],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2026,4,1]]},"abstract":"<jats:p>Photoacoustic (PA) imaging is capable of visualizing the three-dimensional structures of light-absorbing objects, such as blood vessels, and it is often integrated with ultrasound (US) imaging for comprehensive anatomical and functional imaging of biological tissues. For wide field-of-view imaging, volumetric PA or US data from multiple scans are merged to image large objects, such as the entire organ of humans or the entire body of small animals. This study investigated improvements in the volumetric data-merging process of wide-field PA\/US imaging using the dual-tree complex wavelet transform (DT-CWT) technique. First, it was shown to effectively suppress boundary seam artifacts in the combined scan data, enabling smooth fusion while preserving critical features. Second, a noise-reduction imaging method based on this technique was applied to effectively enhance the image contrast and spatial resolution. Finally, we demonstrated the DT-CWT-based fusion of vascular images from PA and US volumes, which provided an integrated visualization of the peripheral vasculature. These results demonstrate that DT-CWT has the potential to improve wide-field PA\/US images in terms of seamless fusion of multi-scan or multi-modal volume data, enhanced visualization of structures, noise reduction, and contrast improvement.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.1364\/boe.585095","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2026,2,23]],"date-time":"2026-02-23T07:00:10Z","timestamp":1771830010000},"page":"1752","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1364\/crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":0,"title":["Volumetric photoacoustic\/ultrasound image fusion and enhancement with dual-tree complex wavelet transform"],"prefix":"10.1364","volume":"17","author":[{"given":"Minseong","family":"Kim","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Pohang University of Science and Technology"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Ravi","family":"Managuli","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"University of Washington"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0001-7249-1257","authenticated-orcid":true,"given":"Chulhong","family":"Kim","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Pohang University of Science and Technology"},{"name":"Opticho Inc"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Wonseok","family":"Choi","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"id":[{"id":"https:\/\/ror.org\/056cn0e37","id-type":"ROR","asserted-by":"publisher"}]}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"285","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2026,3,10]]},"reference":[{"key":"boe-17-4-1752-R1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"6643","DOI":"10.3390\/s23146643","type":"journal-article","volume":"23","author":"Han","year":"2023","journal-title":"Sensors"},{"key":"boe-17-4-1752-R2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"806","DOI":"10.1038\/355806a0","type":"journal-article","volume":"355","author":"Sun","year":"1992","journal-title":"Nature"},{"key":"boe-17-4-1752-R3","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"8651","DOI":"10.1016\/j.biomaterials.2010.07.089","type":"journal-article","volume":"31","author":"Zhang","year":"2010","journal-title":"Biomaterials"},{"key":"boe-17-4-1752-R4","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"848","DOI":"10.1038\/nbt1220","type":"journal-article","volume":"24","author":"Zhang","year":"2006","journal-title":"Nat. Biotechnol."},{"key":"boe-17-4-1752-R5","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"100450","DOI":"10.1016\/j.pacs.2023.100450","type":"journal-article","volume":"29","author":"Tang","year":"2023","journal-title":"Photoacoustics"},{"key":"boe-17-4-1752-R6","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"100610","DOI":"10.1016\/j.pacs.2024.100610","type":"journal-article","volume":"38","author":"Mu","year":"2024","journal-title":"Photoacoustics"},{"key":"boe-17-4-1752-R7","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"100587","DOI":"10.1016\/j.pacs.2024.100587","type":"journal-article","volume":"35","author":"Choi","year":"2024","journal-title":"Photoacoustics"},{"key":"boe-17-4-1752-R8","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"100485","DOI":"10.1016\/j.pacs.2023.100485","type":"journal-article","volume":"30","author":"Ahn","year":"2023","journal-title":"Photoacoustics"},{"key":"boe-17-4-1752-R9","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"100462","DOI":"10.1016\/j.pacs.2023.100462","type":"journal-article","volume":"30","author":"Zhang","year":"2023","journal-title":"Photoacoustics"},{"key":"boe-17-4-1752-R10","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"100569","DOI":"10.1016\/j.pacs.2023.100569","type":"journal-article","volume":"34","author":"Sun","year":"2023","journal-title":"Photoacoustics"},{"key":"boe-17-4-1752-R11","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"100658","DOI":"10.1016\/j.pacs.2024.100658","type":"journal-article","volume":"40","author":"Kim","year":"2024","journal-title":"Photoacoustics"},{"key":"boe-17-4-1752-R12","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"2300652","DOI":"10.1002\/lpor.202300652","type":"journal-article","volume":"18","author":"Kim","year":"2024","journal-title":"Laser Photonics Rev."},{"key":"boe-17-4-1752-R13","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"100739","DOI":"10.1016\/j.pacs.2025.100739","type":"journal-article","volume":"44","author":"Park","year":"2025","journal-title":"Photoacoustics"},{"key":"boe-17-4-1752-R14","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"2409361","DOI":"10.1002\/advs.202409361","type":"journal-article","volume":"12","author":"Kim","year":"2025","journal-title":"Adv. Sci."},{"key":"boe-17-4-1752-R15","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"193","DOI":"10.1038\/s44222-024-00240-y","type":"journal-article","volume":"3","author":"Park","year":"2025","journal-title":"Nat. Rev. Bioeng."},{"key":"boe-17-4-1752-R16","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"102110","DOI":"10.1016\/j.nano.2019.102110","type":"journal-article","volume":"24","author":"Kim","year":"2020","journal-title":"Nanomedicine: Nanotechnology, Biology and Medicine"},{"key":"boe-17-4-1752-R17","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"2303966","DOI":"10.1002\/advs.202303966","type":"journal-article","volume":"10","author":"Oh","year":"2023","journal-title":"Adv. Sci."},{"key":"boe-17-4-1752-R18","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"eady6173","DOI":"10.1126\/sciadv.ady6173","type":"journal-article","volume":"11","author":"Ahn","year":"2025","journal-title":"Sci. Adv."},{"key":"boe-17-4-1752-R19","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"100705","DOI":"10.1016\/j.pacs.2025.100705","type":"journal-article","volume":"43","author":"Kim","year":"2025","journal-title":"Photoacoustics"},{"key":"boe-17-4-1752-R20","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"eadq9960","DOI":"10.1126\/sciadv.adq9960","type":"journal-article","volume":"10","author":"Kim","year":"2024","journal-title":"Sci. Adv."},{"key":"boe-17-4-1752-R21","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1444","DOI":"10.1038\/s41467-024-45273-4","type":"journal-article","volume":"15","author":"Cho","year":"2024","journal-title":"Nat. Commun."},{"key":"boe-17-4-1752-R22","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"100444","DOI":"10.1016\/j.pacs.2022.100444","type":"journal-article","volume":"29","author":"Menozzi","year":"2023","journal-title":"Photoacoustics"},{"key":"boe-17-4-1752-R23","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"321","DOI":"10.1177\/1535370219889968","type":"journal-article","volume":"245","author":"Kim","year":"2020","journal-title":"Exp. Biol. Med."},{"key":"boe-17-4-1752-R24","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"230903","DOI":"10.1063\/5.0008401","type":"journal-article","volume":"127","author":"Choi","year":"2020","journal-title":"J. Appl. Phys."},{"key":"boe-17-4-1752-R25","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"19","DOI":"10.1007\/s13534-021-00214-8","type":"journal-article","volume":"12","author":"Yang","year":"2022","journal-title":"Biomed. Eng. Lett."},{"key":"boe-17-4-1752-R26","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"7379","DOI":"10.1021\/acs.chemrev.2c00627","type":"journal-article","volume":"123","author":"Choi","year":"2023","journal-title":"Chem. Rev."},{"key":"boe-17-4-1752-R27","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"054001","DOI":"10.1117\/1.APN.2.5.054001","type":"journal-article","volume":"2","author":"Yang","year":"2023","journal-title":"Adv. Photonics Nexu"},{"key":"boe-17-4-1752-R28","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"10892","DOI":"10.1038\/s41467-024-55262-2","type":"journal-article","volume":"15","author":"Park","year":"2024","journal-title":"Nat. Commun."},{"key":"boe-17-4-1752-R29","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"100600","DOI":"10.1016\/j.pacs.2024.100600","type":"journal-article","volume":"37","author":"Meng","year":"2024","journal-title":"Photoacoustics"},{"key":"boe-17-4-1752-R30","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"2352","DOI":"10.1038\/s41467-018-04576-z","type":"journal-article","volume":"9","author":"Lin","year":"2018","journal-title":"Nat. Commun."},{"key":"boe-17-4-1752-R31","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1813","DOI":"10.12688\/f1000research.16743.2","type":"journal-article","volume":"7","author":"Nagae","year":"2018","journal-title":"F1000Research"},{"key":"boe-17-4-1752-R32","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"882","DOI":"10.1038\/s41467-021-21232-1","type":"journal-article","volume":"12","author":"Lin","year":"2021","journal-title":"Nat. Commun."},{"key":"boe-17-4-1752-R33","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1","DOI":"10.1117\/1.3625576","type":"journal-article","volume":"16","author":"Xia","year":"2011","journal-title":"J. Biomed. Opt."},{"key":"boe-17-4-1752-R34","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1904","DOI":"10.3390\/app9091904","type":"journal-article","volume":"9","author":"Sun","year":"2019","journal-title":"Appl. Sci."},{"key":"boe-17-4-1752-R35","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"100561","DOI":"10.1016\/j.pacs.2023.100561","type":"journal-article","volume":"33","author":"Park","year":"2023","journal-title":"Photoacoustics"},{"key":"boe-17-4-1752-R36","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"080503","DOI":"10.1117\/1.JBO.17.8.080503","type":"journal-article","volume":"17","author":"Shao","year":"2012","journal-title":"J. Biomed. Opt."},{"key":"boe-17-4-1752-R37","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"100168","DOI":"10.1016\/j.pacs.2020.100168","type":"journal-article","volume":"18","author":"Cho","year":"2020","journal-title":"Photoacoustics"},{"key":"boe-17-4-1752-R38","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"100512","DOI":"10.1016\/j.pacs.2023.100512","type":"journal-article","volume":"31","author":"Lee","year":"2023","journal-title":"Photoacoustics"},{"key":"boe-17-4-1752-R39","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"19261","DOI":"10.1038\/s41598-024-69997-x","type":"journal-article","volume":"14","author":"Alzahrani","year":"2024","journal-title":"Sci. Rep."},{"key":"boe-17-4-1752-R40","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"797924","DOI":"10.1155\/2013\/797924","type":"journal-article","volume":"2013","author":"Tsai","year":"2013","journal-title":"Int. J. Biomed. Imaging"},{"key":"boe-17-4-1752-R41","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"089095","DOI":"10.1155\/IJBI\/2006\/89095","type":"journal-article","volume":"2006","author":"Wang","year":"2006","journal-title":"Int. J. Biomed. Imaging"},{"key":"boe-17-4-1752-R42","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"100259","DOI":"10.1016\/j.pacs.2021.100259","type":"journal-article","volume":"22","author":"Xie","year":"2021","journal-title":"Photoacoustics"},{"key":"boe-17-4-1752-R43","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"100327","DOI":"10.1016\/j.pacs.2021.100327","type":"journal-article","volume":"25","author":"Wu","year":"2022","journal-title":"Photoacoustics"},{"key":"boe-17-4-1752-R44","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"133701","DOI":"10.1063\/5.0198270","type":"journal-article","volume":"124","author":"Liu","year":"2024","journal-title":"Appl. Phys. Lett."},{"key":"boe-17-4-1752-R45","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"N227","DOI":"10.1088\/0031-9155\/53\/12\/N01","type":"journal-article","volume":"53","author":"Holan","year":"2008","journal-title":"Phys. Med. Biol."},{"key":"boe-17-4-1752-R46","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"e202300289","DOI":"10.1002\/jbio.202300289","type":"journal-article","volume":"17","author":"Li","year":"2024","journal-title":"J. Biophotonics"},{"key":"boe-17-4-1752-R47","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"100695","DOI":"10.1016\/j.pacs.2025.100695","type":"journal-article","volume":"42","author":"Zhao","year":"2025","journal-title":"Photoacoustics"},{"key":"boe-17-4-1752-R48","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"e202200234","DOI":"10.1002\/jbio.202200234","type":"journal-article","volume":"16","author":"Song","year":"2023","journal-title":"J. Biophotonics"},{"key":"boe-17-4-1752-R49","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"234","DOI":"10.1006\/acha.2000.0343","type":"journal-article","volume":"10","author":"Kingsbury","year":"2001","journal-title":"Applied and Computational Harmonic Analysis"},{"key":"boe-17-4-1752-R50","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"123","DOI":"10.1109\/MSP.2005.1550194","type":"journal-article","volume":"22","author":"Selesnick","year":"2005","journal-title":"IEEE Signal Process. Mag."},{"key":"boe-17-4-1752-R51","unstructured":"MathWorks , \u201c dualtree2: Kingsbury Q-shift 2-D dual-tree complex wavelet transform ,\u201d MATLAB Documentation , 2025 , https:\/\/mathworks.com\/help\/wavelet\/ref\/dualtree2.html ."},{"key":"boe-17-4-1752-R52","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"205","DOI":"10.1109\/83.136597","type":"journal-article","volume":"1","author":"Antonini","year":"1992","journal-title":"IEEE Trans. on Image Process."},{"key":"boe-17-4-1752-R53","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"467","DOI":"10.1148\/radiol.211029","type":"journal-article","volume":"303","author":"Choi","year":"2022","journal-title":"Radiology"},{"key":"boe-17-4-1752-R55","unstructured":"Kroon D. J. , \u201c Hessian based Frangi Vesselness filter ,\u201d MATLAB Central FileExchange , 2026 , https:\/\/mathworks.com\/matlabcentral\/fileexchange\/24409-hessian-based-frangi-vesselness-filter ."},{"key":"boe-17-4-1752-R56","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"eadz8585","DOI":"10.1126\/sciadv.adz8585","type":"journal-article","volume":"11","author":"Park","year":"2025","journal-title":"Sci. Adv."},{"key":"boe-17-4-1752-R57","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"10226","DOI":"10.1038\/s41467-025-65046-x","type":"journal-article","volume":"16","author":"Lee","year":"2025","journal-title":"Nat. Commun."},{"key":"boe-17-4-1752-R58","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"9853","DOI":"10.1038\/s41467-025-64827-8","type":"journal-article","volume":"16","author":"Park","year":"2025","journal-title":"Nat. Commun."},{"key":"boe-17-4-1752-R59","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"343","DOI":"10.1364\/OL.475725","type":"journal-article","volume":"48","author":"Kim","year":"2023","journal-title":"Opt. Lett"},{"key":"boe-17-4-1752-R60","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"18176","DOI":"10.1021\/acsnano.3c12551","type":"journal-article","volume":"18","author":"Kim","year":"2024","journal-title":"ACS nano"},{"key":"boe-17-4-1752-R61","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"2400672","DOI":"10.1002\/lpor.202400672","type":"journal-article","volume":"19","author":"Yang","year":"2025","journal-title":"Laser Photonics Rev."}],"container-title":["Biomedical Optics Express"],"original-title":[],"language":"en","link":[{"URL":"https:\/\/opg.optica.org\/viewmedia.cfm?URI=boe-17-4-1752&seq=0","content-type":"unspecified","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"similarity-checking"}],"deposited":{"date-parts":[[2026,5,11]],"date-time":"2026-05-11T20:25:19Z","timestamp":1778531119000},"score":1,"resource":{"primary":{"URL":"https:\/\/opg.optica.org\/abstract.cfm?URI=boe-17-4-1752"}},"subtitle":[],"short-title":[],"issued":{"date-parts":[[2026,3,10]]},"references-count":60,"journal-issue":{"issue":"4","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2026]]},"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2026]]}},"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1364\/boe.585095","relation":{},"ISSN":["2156-7085","2156-7085"],"issn-type":[{"value":"2156-7085","type":"print"},{"value":"2156-7085","type":"electronic"}],"subject":[],"published":{"date-parts":[[2026,3,10]]},"assertion":[{"value":"Optica Publishing Group","name":"publisher","label":"This article is maintained by"},{"value":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1364\/BOE.585095","name":"articlelink","label":"Crossref DOI link to publisher maintained version"},{"value":"research-article","name":"content_type","label":"Article type"},{"value":"Screened by Similarity Check","name":"cross_check","label":"Similarity check"},{"value":"Yes","order":0,"name":"peer_reviewed","label":"Peer reviewed","group":{"name":"peer_review","label":"Peer review"}},{"value":"Single blind","order":1,"name":"review_process","label":"Review process","group":{"name":"peer_review","label":"Peer review"}},{"value":"17 November 2025","order":0,"name":"received","label":"Received","group":{"name":"publication_history","label":"Publication History"}},{"value":"20 February 2026","order":1,"name":"accepted","label":"Accepted","group":{"name":"publication_history","label":"Publication History"}},{"value":"10 March 2026","order":2,"name":"published","label":"Published","group":{"name":"publication_history","label":"Publication History"}},{"value":"\u00a9 2026 Optica Publishing Group under the terms of the Optica Open Access Publishing Agreement","name":"copyright","label":"Copyright"}]}}