{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,7,30]],"date-time":"2026-07-30T13:01:44Z","timestamp":1785416504007,"version":"3.56.0"},"reference-count":60,"publisher":"Optica Publishing Group","issue":"3","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2026,2,13]],"date-time":"2026-02-13T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1770940800000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1364\/OA_License_v2#VOR-OA"},{"start":{"date-parts":[[2026,2,13]],"date-time":"2026-02-13T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1770940800000},"content-version":"tdm","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/opg.optica.org\/policies\/opg-tdm-policy.json"}],"funder":[{"DOI":"10.13039\/100000072","name":"National Institute of Dental and Craniofacial Research","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","award":["R01DE031998"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["R01DE031998"]}],"id":[{"id":"10.13039\/100000072","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"crossref"},{"id":"https:\/\/ror.org\/004a2wv92","id-type":"ROR","asserted-by":"publisher"}]},{"DOI":"10.13039\/100000057","name":"National Institute of General Medical Sciences","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","award":["R01DE031998"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["R01DE031998"]}],"id":[{"id":"10.13039\/100000057","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"crossref"},{"id":"https:\/\/ror.org\/04q48ey07","id-type":"ROR","asserted-by":"publisher"}]}],"content-domain":{"domain":["opg.optica.org"],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["Biomed. Opt. Express"],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2026,3,1]]},"abstract":"<jats:p>\n                    Precise label-free quantification of tissue metabolic and vascular dynamics\n                    <jats:italic>in vivo<\/jats:italic>\n                    represents a critical challenge for cancer therapy prediction and longitudinal treatment assessment. In this study, we demonstrated a portable autofluorescence and diffuse reflectance spectroscopy device along with novel spectroscopic algorithms to quantify tissue vascular and metabolic parameters of orthotopic head and neck cancer models\n                    <jats:italic>in vivo<\/jats:italic>\n                    . Tissue-mimicking phantom studies were used to verify the dual-modal optical spectroscopy and easy-to-use spectroscopic algorithms for rapid and accurate estimation of tissue oxygen saturation, total hemoglobin contents, and intrinsic optical redox ratio. Animal studies were conducted to demonstrate the feasibility of our technique for rapid functional characterization of small tongue tumors\n                    <jats:italic>in vivo<\/jats:italic>\n                    . Our phantom studies demonstrated that our dual-modal optical spectroscopy, along with novel spectroscopic algorithms, can accurately quantify tissue vascular and metabolic parameters in near real-time. Our\n                    <jats:italic>in vivo<\/jats:italic>\n                    animal studies captured reduced total hemoglobin contents and lower oxygen saturation in orthotopic tongue tumors compared to normal tongue tissues. Our data also showed that mouse tongue tumors with different radiation sensitivities had significantly different intrinsic optical redox ratios. Additionally, we observed elevated Protoporphyrin IX levels in tongue tumors compared with normal tongue tissues. These results demonstrated the potential of our portable dual-modal optical spectroscopy to noninvasively evaluate tumor metabolism and its vascular microenvironment in tongue cancer models for future oral cancer research.\n                  <\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.1364\/boe.589203","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2026,2,9]],"date-time":"2026-02-09T07:00:06Z","timestamp":1770620406000},"page":"1359","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1364\/crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":0,"title":["Combined autofluorescence and diffuse reflectance spectroscopy for rapid metabolic and vascular characterizations of orthotopic tongue tumors\n                    <i>in vivo<\/i>"],"prefix":"10.1364","volume":"17","author":[{"given":"Pranto Soumik","family":"Saha","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"id":[{"id":"https:\/\/ror.org\/02k3smh20","id-type":"ROR","asserted-by":"publisher"}]}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Jing","family":"Yan","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"id":[{"id":"https:\/\/ror.org\/02k3smh20","id-type":"ROR","asserted-by":"publisher"}]}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Sumit","family":"Sarker","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"id":[{"id":"https:\/\/ror.org\/02k3smh20","id-type":"ROR","asserted-by":"publisher"}]}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Md Zahid","family":"Hasan","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"id":[{"id":"https:\/\/ror.org\/02k3smh20","id-type":"ROR","asserted-by":"publisher"}]}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Caigang","family":"Zhu","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"id":[{"id":"https:\/\/ror.org\/02k3smh20","id-type":"ROR","asserted-by":"publisher"}]}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"285","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2026,2,13]]},"reference":[{"key":"boe-17-3-1359-R1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"2896","DOI":"10.3390\/diagnostics12122896","type":"journal-article","volume":"12","author":"Maryam","year":"2022","journal-title":"Diagnostics"},{"key":"boe-17-3-1359-R2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"763","DOI":"10.1007\/s00784-010-0434-6","type":"journal-article","volume":"15","author":"Koch","year":"2011","journal-title":"Clin. Oral. Invest."},{"key":"boe-17-3-1359-R3","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"207","DOI":"10.1002\/(SICI)1097-0347(200005)22:3<207::AID-HED1>3.0.CO;2-9","type":"journal-article","volume":"22","author":"Kowalski","year":"2000","journal-title":"Head & Neck"},{"key":"boe-17-3-1359-R4","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"e233","DOI":"10.4317\/medoral.18772","type":"journal-article","volume":"18","author":"Huang","year":"2013","journal-title":"Med. Oral."},{"key":"boe-17-3-1359-R5","first-page":"85","article-title":"Oral cancer: prevention, early detection, and treatment","volume":"3","author":"Sankaranarayanan","year":"2015"},{"key":"boe-17-3-1359-R6","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"3006","DOI":"10.1007\/s12094-023-03169-7","type":"journal-article","volume":"25","author":"Huang","year":"2023","journal-title":"Clin. Transl. Oncol."},{"key":"boe-17-3-1359-R7","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"261","DOI":"10.1016\/j.oraloncology.2007.02.010","type":"journal-article","volume":"44","author":"McCaul","year":"2008","journal-title":"Oral Oncology"},{"key":"boe-17-3-1359-R8","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"383","DOI":"10.1016\/j.oraloncology.2003.09.005","type":"journal-article","volume":"40","author":"Terakado","year":"2004","journal-title":"Oral Oncology"},{"key":"boe-17-3-1359-R9","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"182","DOI":"10.3390\/cancers11020182","type":"journal-article","volume":"11","author":"Cruz-Gregorio","year":"2019","journal-title":"Cancers"},{"key":"boe-17-3-1359-R10","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"4130","DOI":"10.3390\/cancers14174130","type":"journal-article","volume":"14","author":"Hill","year":"2022","journal-title":"Cancers"},{"key":"boe-17-3-1359-R11","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"73","DOI":"10.1615\/CritRevOncog.2022044635","type":"journal-article","volume":"27","author":"Wicker","year":"2022","journal-title":"Crit. Rev. Oncog."},{"key":"boe-17-3-1359-R12","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"112","DOI":"10.3390\/cancers11010112","type":"journal-article","volume":"11","author":"Wang","year":"2019","journal-title":"Cancers"},{"key":"boe-17-3-1359-R13","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"e934116","DOI":"10.12659\/MSM.934116","type":"journal-article","volume":"27","author":"Bouleftour","year":"2021","journal-title":"Med. Sci. Monit."},{"key":"boe-17-3-1359-R15","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"285","DOI":"10.1016\/S0360-3016(97)00101-6","type":"journal-article","volume":"38","author":"Brizel","year":"1997","journal-title":"International Journal of Radiation Oncology* Biology* Physics"},{"key":"boe-17-3-1359-R16","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"39","DOI":"10.1016\/S0167-8140(00)00223-1","type":"journal-article","volume":"57","author":"Nordsmark","year":"2000","journal-title":"Radiother. Oncol."},{"key":"boe-17-3-1359-R17","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"22","DOI":"10.1016\/j.radonc.2011.03.004","type":"journal-article","volume":"100","author":"Overgaard","year":"2011","journal-title":"Radiother. Oncol."},{"key":"boe-17-3-1359-R18","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"462","DOI":"10.1016\/j.ijrobp.2016.06.007","type":"journal-article","volume":"96","author":"Hu","year":"2016","journal-title":"International Journal of Radiation Oncology* Biology* Physics"},{"key":"boe-17-3-1359-R19","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"eaaw5473","DOI":"10.1126\/science.aaw5473","type":"journal-article","volume":"368","author":"Faubert","year":"2020","journal-title":"Science"},{"key":"boe-17-3-1359-R20","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"e218","DOI":"10.1002\/mco2.218","type":"journal-article","volume":"4","author":"Nong","year":"2023","journal-title":"MedComm"},{"key":"boe-17-3-1359-R21","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"28","DOI":"10.3390\/metabo11010028","type":"journal-article","volume":"11","author":"Ohshima","year":"2021","journal-title":"Metabolites"},{"key":"boe-17-3-1359-R22","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"646","DOI":"10.1016\/j.cell.2011.02.013","type":"journal-article","volume":"144","author":"Hanahan","year":"2011","journal-title":"Cell"},{"key":"boe-17-3-1359-R23","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"811","DOI":"10.7150\/ijbs.79928","type":"journal-article","volume":"19","author":"Yu","year":"2023","journal-title":"Int. J. Biol. Sci."},{"key":"boe-17-3-1359-R24","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1554835","DOI":"10.3389\/fimmu.2025.1554835","type":"journal-article","volume":"16","author":"Guo","year":"2025","journal-title":"Front. Immunol."},{"key":"boe-17-3-1359-R25","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"3560","DOI":"10.3390\/cancers14153560","type":"journal-article","volume":"14","author":"Perri","year":"2022","journal-title":"Cancers"},{"key":"boe-17-3-1359-R26","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"796","DOI":"10.1016\/j.oraloncology.2006.10.009","type":"journal-article","volume":"43","author":"Kunkel","year":"2007","journal-title":"Oral Oncology"},{"key":"boe-17-3-1359-R27","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"291","DOI":"10.1667\/RR13828.1","type":"journal-article","volume":"183","author":"Mims","year":"2015","journal-title":"Radiat. Res."},{"key":"boe-17-3-1359-R28","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1508","DOI":"10.18632\/oncotarget.13649","type":"journal-article","volume":"8","author":"Li","year":"2017","journal-title":"Oncotarget"},{"key":"boe-17-3-1359-R29","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"653621","DOI":"10.3389\/fonc.2021.653621","type":"journal-article","volume":"11","author":"Van Gisbergen","year":"2021","journal-title":"Front. Oncol."},{"key":"boe-17-3-1359-R30","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"e22229","DOI":"10.1096\/fj.202101736R","type":"journal-article","volume":"36","author":"Jin","year":"2022","journal-title":"The FASEB Journal"},{"key":"boe-17-3-1359-R31","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"012702","DOI":"10.1117\/1.BIOS.2.1.012702","type":"journal-article","volume":"2","author":"Yan","year":"2025","journal-title":"Biophotonics Discovery"},{"key":"boe-17-3-1359-R32","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"333","DOI":"10.1002\/anie.196303331","type":"journal-article","volume":"2","author":"Kort\u00fcm","year":"1963","journal-title":"Angew. Chem. Int. Ed. Engl."},{"key":"boe-17-3-1359-R33","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1633","DOI":"10.3390\/diagnostics13091633","type":"journal-article","volume":"13","author":"Kolpakov","year":"2023","journal-title":"Diagnostics"},{"key":"boe-17-3-1359-R34","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"49","DOI":"10.1016\/j.neo.2020.11.006","type":"journal-article","volume":"23","author":"Dadgar","year":"2021","journal-title":"Neoplasia"},{"key":"boe-17-3-1359-R35","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"4176","DOI":"10.1364\/BOE.528608","type":"journal-article","volume":"15","author":"Saha","year":"2024","journal-title":"Biomed. Opt. Express"},{"key":"boe-17-3-1359-R36","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"037004","DOI":"10.1117\/1.3558840","type":"journal-article","volume":"16","author":"Liu","year":"2011","journal-title":"J. Biomed. Opt."},{"key":"boe-17-3-1359-R37","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"054010","DOI":"10.1117\/1.2975866","type":"journal-article","volume":"13","author":"Zheng","year":"2008","journal-title":"J. Biomed. Opt."},{"key":"boe-17-3-1359-R38","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"e0226757","DOI":"10.1371\/journal.pone.0226757","type":"journal-article","volume":"14","author":"Yong","year":"2019","journal-title":"PloS ONE"},{"key":"boe-17-3-1359-R39","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"2461","DOI":"10.4081\/ejh.2014.2461","type":"journal-article","volume":"58","author":"Croce","year":"2014","journal-title":"Eur. J. Histochem."},{"key":"boe-17-3-1359-R40","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"4364","DOI":"10.1364\/BOE.7.004364","type":"journal-article","volume":"7","author":"Alhallak","year":"2016","journal-title":"Biomed. Opt. Express"},{"key":"boe-17-3-1359-R41","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"036005","DOI":"10.1117\/1.JBO.26.3.036005","type":"journal-article","volume":"26","author":"Gil","year":"2021","journal-title":"J. Biomed. Opt."},{"key":"boe-17-3-1359-R42","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"323","DOI":"10.1002\/(sici)1096-9101(1999)25:4<323::aid-lsm7>3.0.co;2-p","type":"journal-article","volume":"25","author":"Betz","year":"1999","journal-title":"Lasers Surg. Med."},{"key":"boe-17-3-1359-R43","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"356","DOI":"10.1002\/lsm.20122","type":"journal-article","volume":"36","author":"de Veld","year":"2005","journal-title":"Lasers Surg. Med."},{"key":"boe-17-3-1359-R44","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"2959","DOI":"10.1364\/BOE.565339","type":"journal-article","volume":"16","author":"Yan","year":"2025","journal-title":"Biomed. Opt. Express"},{"key":"boe-17-3-1359-R45","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1","DOI":"10.1109\/JSTQE.2025.3635031","type":"journal-article","volume":"32","author":"Hasan","year":"2026","journal-title":"IEEE J. Sel. Top. Quantum Electron."},{"key":"boe-17-3-1359-R46","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1105648","DOI":"10.3389\/fonc.2023.1105648","type":"journal-article","volume":"13","author":"Reichert","year":"2023","journal-title":"Front. Oncol."},{"key":"boe-17-3-1359-R47","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1917","DOI":"10.1364\/AO.44.001917","type":"journal-article","volume":"44","author":"Finlay","year":"2005","journal-title":"Appl. Opt."},{"key":"boe-17-3-1359-R48","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"116","DOI":"10.1364\/AO.36.000116","type":"journal-article","volume":"36","author":"Cerussi","year":"1997","journal-title":"Appl. Opt."},{"key":"boe-17-3-1359-R49","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"050902","DOI":"10.1117\/1.JBO.18.5.050902","type":"journal-article","volume":"18","author":"Zhu","year":"2013","journal-title":"J. Biomed. Opt."},{"key":"boe-17-3-1359-R50","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"116","DOI":"10.1152\/jappl.1996.80.1.116","type":"journal-article","volume":"80","author":"Knoefel","year":"1996","journal-title":"J. Appl. Physiol."},{"key":"boe-17-3-1359-R51","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"125002","DOI":"10.1117\/1.JBO.29.12.125002","type":"journal-article","volume":"29","author":"Hasan","year":"2024","journal-title":"J. Biomed. Opt."},{"key":"boe-17-3-1359-R52","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"024017","DOI":"10.1117\/1.2907161","type":"journal-article","volume":"13","author":"Palmer","year":"2008","journal-title":"J. Biomed. Opt."},{"key":"boe-17-3-1359-R53","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"045001","DOI":"10.1117\/1.JBO.26.4.045001","type":"journal-article","volume":"26","author":"Sun","year":"2021","journal-title":"J. Biomed. Opt."},{"key":"boe-17-3-1359-R54","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1817","DOI":"10.1364\/OL.37.001817","type":"journal-article","volume":"37","author":"Vald\u00e9s","year":"2012","journal-title":"Opt. Lett."},{"key":"boe-17-3-1359-R55","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"050501","DOI":"10.1117\/1.2981797","type":"journal-article","volume":"13","author":"Rajaram","year":"2008","journal-title":"J. Biomed. Opt."},{"key":"boe-17-3-1359-R56","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"359","DOI":"10.1242\/dmm.028274","type":"journal-article","volume":"10","author":"Holen","year":"2017","journal-title":"Dis. Models Mech."},{"key":"boe-17-3-1359-R57","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"13772","DOI":"10.1038\/s41598-017-14226-x","type":"journal-article","volume":"7","author":"Zhu","year":"2017","journal-title":"Sci. Rep."},{"key":"boe-17-3-1359-R58","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"199","DOI":"10.2209\/tdcpublication.49.199","type":"journal-article","volume":"49","author":"Carrard","year":"2008","journal-title":"Bull. Tokyo Dent. Coll."},{"key":"boe-17-3-1359-R59","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"51","DOI":"10.1088\/0031-9155\/42\/1\/003","type":"journal-article","volume":"42","author":"Verkruysse","year":"1997","journal-title":"Phys. Med. Biol."},{"key":"boe-17-3-1359-R60","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"387","DOI":"10.3892\/ijmm.2016.2841","type":"journal-article","volume":"39","author":"Ueta","year":"2017","journal-title":"Int. J. Mol. Med."},{"key":"boe-17-3-1359-R61","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"157","DOI":"10.1186\/s40104-025-01292-9","type":"journal-article","volume":"16","author":"Fu","year":"2025","journal-title":"J. Animal Sci. Biotechnol."}],"container-title":["Biomedical Optics Express"],"original-title":[],"language":"en","link":[{"URL":"https:\/\/opg.optica.org\/viewmedia.cfm?URI=boe-17-3-1359&seq=0","content-type":"unspecified","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"similarity-checking"}],"deposited":{"date-parts":[[2026,5,11]],"date-time":"2026-05-11T20:24:45Z","timestamp":1778531085000},"score":1,"resource":{"primary":{"URL":"https:\/\/opg.optica.org\/abstract.cfm?URI=boe-17-3-1359"}},"subtitle":[],"short-title":[],"issued":{"date-parts":[[2026,2,13]]},"references-count":60,"journal-issue":{"issue":"3","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2026]]},"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2026]]}},"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1364\/boe.589203","relation":{},"ISSN":["2156-7085","2156-7085"],"issn-type":[{"value":"2156-7085","type":"print"},{"value":"2156-7085","type":"electronic"}],"subject":[],"published":{"date-parts":[[2026,2,13]]},"assertion":[{"value":"Optica Publishing Group","name":"publisher","label":"This article is maintained by"},{"value":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1364\/BOE.589203","name":"articlelink","label":"Crossref DOI link to publisher maintained version"},{"value":"research-article","name":"content_type","label":"Article type"},{"value":"Screened by Similarity Check","name":"cross_check","label":"Similarity check"},{"value":"Yes","order":0,"name":"peer_reviewed","label":"Peer reviewed","group":{"name":"peer_review","label":"Peer review"}},{"value":"Single blind","order":1,"name":"review_process","label":"Review process","group":{"name":"peer_review","label":"Peer review"}},{"value":"2 January 2026","order":0,"name":"received","label":"Received","group":{"name":"publication_history","label":"Publication History"}},{"value":"6 February 2026","order":1,"name":"accepted","label":"Accepted","group":{"name":"publication_history","label":"Publication History"}},{"value":"13 February 2026","order":2,"name":"published","label":"Published","group":{"name":"publication_history","label":"Publication History"}},{"value":"\u00a9 2026 Optica Publishing Group under the terms of the Optica Open Access Publishing Agreement","name":"copyright","label":"Copyright"}]}}