{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,7,30]],"date-time":"2026-07-30T16:35:55Z","timestamp":1785429355809,"version":"3.56.0"},"reference-count":26,"publisher":"Optica Publishing Group","issue":"4","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2026,3,23]],"date-time":"2026-03-23T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1774224000000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1364\/OA_License_v2#VOR-OA"},{"start":{"date-parts":[[2026,3,23]],"date-time":"2026-03-23T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1774224000000},"content-version":"tdm","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/opg.optica.org\/policies\/opg-tdm-policy.json"}],"funder":[{"DOI":"10.13039\/501100001809","name":"National Natural Science Foundation of China","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","award":["U2241225"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["U2241225"]}],"id":[{"id":"10.13039\/501100001809","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"crossref"},{"id":"https:\/\/ror.org\/01h0zpd94","id-type":"ROR","asserted-by":"publisher"}]}],"content-domain":{"domain":["opg.optica.org"],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["Biomed. Opt. Express"],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2026,4,1]]},"abstract":"<jats:p>\n                    Breast cancer remains one of the leading causes of cancer-related mortality among women worldwide, while conventional clinical treatments are often limited by high invasiveness, severe side effects, and insufficient spatial control over therapeutic energy delivery. Fiber-based optical platforms offer a compelling strategy for minimally invasive photothermal therapy by enabling precise and localized light transmission within biological tissues. Here, we report a scalable extrusion\u2013thermal drawing strategy for fabricating biodegradable and biocompatible poly(lactic acid)\u2013based optical fibers (BPOFs) and demonstrate their application as biodegradable optical waveguides for fiber-mediated photothermal ablation of breast cancer cells. Owing to the intrinsic biodegradability and biosafety of poly(lactic acid), the resulting BPOFs exhibit excellent structural uniformity, mechanical flexibility, and efficient near-infrared light guidance, with a low propagation loss of 0.33\u2005dB cm\n                    <jats:sup>\u22121<\/jats:sup>\n                    at 808\u2005nm. By integrating indocyanine green (ICG) at the distal fiber interface as a photothermal transduction layer, the system enables efficient optical-to-thermal energy conversion and spatially confined heat generation under near-infrared laser irradiation. In vitro studies reveal that BPOF-guided photothermal treatment induces a pronounced time-dependent cytotoxic effect on MCF-7 breast cancer cells, leading to significant suppression of cell viability. Collectively, this work highlights biodegradable polymer optical fibers as a versatile photonic interface for controllable light\u2013tissue interaction, with promising potential for future minimally invasive photothermal applications.\n                  <\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.1364\/boe.589657","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2026,3,11]],"date-time":"2026-03-11T07:00:03Z","timestamp":1773212403000},"page":"2024","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1364\/crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":0,"title":["Biodegradable and biocompatible poly(lactic acid) optical fibers for fiber-guided photothermal therapy of breast cancer cells in vitro"],"prefix":"10.1364","volume":"17","author":[{"given":"Shengli","family":"Pan","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"id":[{"id":"https:\/\/ror.org\/037b1pp87","id-type":"ROR","asserted-by":"publisher"}]}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Shuyuan","family":"Zhu","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"id":[{"id":"https:\/\/ror.org\/037b1pp87","id-type":"ROR","asserted-by":"publisher"}]}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Li","family":"Chen","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"id":[{"id":"https:\/\/ror.org\/037b1pp87","id-type":"ROR","asserted-by":"publisher"}]}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Yiqian","family":"Fu","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"id":[{"id":"https:\/\/ror.org\/037b1pp87","id-type":"ROR","asserted-by":"publisher"}]}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Jingyuan","family":"Yao","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"id":[{"id":"https:\/\/ror.org\/037b1pp87","id-type":"ROR","asserted-by":"publisher"}]}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Bo","family":"Liu","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"id":[{"id":"https:\/\/ror.org\/037b1pp87","id-type":"ROR","asserted-by":"publisher"}]}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Tao","family":"Ye","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"id":[{"id":"https:\/\/ror.org\/037b1pp87","id-type":"ROR","asserted-by":"publisher"}]}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Chris","family":"Zhou","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"The University of British Columbia"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Orlando J.","family":"Rojas","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"The University of British Columbia"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Xin","family":"Lu","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"The University of British Columbia"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Xiuhong","family":"Wang","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"id":[{"id":"https:\/\/ror.org\/037b1pp87","id-type":"ROR","asserted-by":"publisher"}]}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Pu","family":"Wang","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"id":[{"id":"https:\/\/ror.org\/037b1pp87","id-type":"ROR","asserted-by":"publisher"}]}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"285","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2026,3,23]]},"reference":[{"key":"boe-17-4-2024-R1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"4178","DOI":"10.1158\/1078-0432.CCR-22-2588","type":"journal-article","volume":"28","author":"Williams","year":"2022","journal-title":"Clin. Cancer Res."},{"key":"boe-17-4-2024-R2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"89","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jconrel.2022.04.045","type":"journal-article","volume":"347","author":"Ribeiro","year":"2022","journal-title":"J. Controlled Release"},{"key":"boe-17-4-2024-R3","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"12014","DOI":"10.1039\/D4CS00708E","type":"journal-article","volume":"53","author":"Wang","year":"2024","journal-title":"Chem. Soc. Rev."},{"key":"boe-17-4-2024-R4","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"2403756","DOI":"10.1002\/adma.202403756","type":"journal-article","volume":"37","author":"Yang","year":"2025","journal-title":"Adv. Mater."},{"key":"boe-17-4-2024-R5","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"550","DOI":"10.1038\/s41568-022-00496-9","type":"journal-article","volume":"22","author":"Bhatia","year":"2022","journal-title":"Nat. Rev. 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Lightwave Technol."},{"key":"boe-17-4-2024-R21","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"228","DOI":"10.1038\/s41377-024-01586-z","type":"journal-article","volume":"13","author":"Zhang","year":"2024","journal-title":"Light: Sci. Appl."},{"key":"boe-17-4-2024-R22","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"2309795","DOI":"10.1002\/adfm.202309795","type":"journal-article","volume":"34","author":"Zhu","year":"2024","journal-title":"Adv. Funct. Mater."},{"key":"boe-17-4-2024-R23","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1095","DOI":"10.1021\/acs.analchem.2c03794","type":"journal-article","volume":"95","author":"Liu","year":"2023","journal-title":"Anal. Chem."},{"key":"boe-17-4-2024-R24","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"2413164","DOI":"10.1002\/adma.202413164","type":"journal-article","volume":"37","author":"Xu","year":"2025","journal-title":"Adv. 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