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Opt. Express"],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2026,6,1]]},"abstract":"<jats:p>\n                    Photoacoustic imaging (PAI) combines optical absorption contrast with                     acoustic detection, enabling noninvasive, high-resolution                     spatiotemporal observation of cerebral hemodynamics, oxygenation, and                     vascular structural changes, thereby emerging as a powerful tool for                     investigating mechanisms in preclinical stroke models. This review                     comprehensively highlights how PAI has been employed to track                     pathophysiological changes and therapeutic responses in various                     preclinical stroke animal models, and discusses future directions                     toward translating these findings from preclinical research to                     clinical applications. PAI provides multiscale structural and                     functional vascular information, ranging from single-vessel resolution                     to whole-brain imaging. Through this capability, PAI enables real-time                     observation of hemodynamic and oxygen saturation (SO\n                    <jats:sub>2<\/jats:sub>\n                    )                     changes, as well as infarct formation, during the onset of both                     ischemic and hemorrhagic stroke models. Moreover, in ischemic models,                     PAI enables the assessment of reperfusion, oxygenation recovery,                     inflammatory responses, angiogenesis, and collateral circulation                     during the reperfusion and self-healing phases. In hemorrhagic models,                     it facilitates monitoring of secondary injury processes such as                     hematoma formation and blood degradation. However, conventional animal                     models face inherent limitations for full clinical translation due to                     anatomical and metabolic differences from humans, while skull-induced                     optical scattering and acoustic aberration further degrade image                     quality and penetration depth, limiting the clinical applicability of                     PAI for stroke studies. In this review, we highlight future directions                     in three aspects: (1) technological approaches\u2014including                     acoustic aberration correction, skull optical clearing, and                     transparent cranial window techniques\u2014to minimize skull-induced                     effects and improve imaging depth and quality; (2) extending PAI                     beyond a hemodynamic monitoring tool toward a comprehensive stroke                     assessment platform by utilizing both endogenous and exogenous                     contrasts to visualize metabolic and neural function; (3) the                     potential of integrating PAI with brain organoid platforms to more                     precisely recapitulate human stroke pathophysiology and enable                     applications such as high-throughput screening.\n                  <\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.1364\/boe.589995","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2026,4,29]],"date-time":"2026-04-29T23:00:06Z","timestamp":1777503606000},"page":"2929","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1364\/crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":2,"title":["Multiscale photoacoustic imaging of stroke in preclinical models and future directions toward clinical translation [Invited]"],"prefix":"10.1364","volume":"17","author":[{"given":"Jiwoong","family":"Kim","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"id":[{"id":"https:\/\/ror.org\/04xysgw12","id-type":"ROR","asserted-by":"publisher"}]}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Joo Young","family":"Kweon","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"id":[{"id":"https:\/\/ror.org\/04xysgw12","id-type":"ROR","asserted-by":"publisher"}]}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Hyunseo","family":"Jeon","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"id":[{"id":"https:\/\/ror.org\/04xysgw12","id-type":"ROR","asserted-by":"publisher"}]}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Kyeongtaek","family":"Lee","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"id":[{"id":"https:\/\/ror.org\/04xysgw12","id-type":"ROR","asserted-by":"publisher"}]}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Jongshin","family":"Kim","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"id":[{"id":"https:\/\/ror.org\/04xysgw12","id-type":"ROR","asserted-by":"publisher"}]}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Yong Joo","family":"Ahn","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"id":[{"id":"https:\/\/ror.org\/04xysgw12","id-type":"ROR","asserted-by":"publisher"}]}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0001-7249-1257","authenticated-orcid":true,"given":"Chulhong","family":"Kim","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"id":[{"id":"https:\/\/ror.org\/04xysgw12","id-type":"ROR","asserted-by":"publisher"}]}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"285","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2026,5,13]]},"reference":[{"key":"boe-17-6-2929-R1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1","DOI":"10.1155\/2018\/3238165","type":"journal-article","volume":"2018","author":"Donkor","year":"2018","journal-title":"Stroke Research and Treatment"},{"key":"boe-17-6-2929-R2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"649088","DOI":"10.3389\/fneur.2021.649088","type":"journal-article","volume":"12","author":"Yao","year":"2021","journal-title":"Front. 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