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Opt. Express"],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2026,7,1]]},"abstract":"<jats:p>\n                    Precise and spatially controlled modulation of peripheral arterial tone is important for treating microvascular disorders. Current pharmacological vasodilators are typically systemic and lack local specificity. Light-induced photorelaxation has been proposed as an alternative method for vascular modulation. However, its structural and hemodynamic effects\n                    <jats:italic>in vivo<\/jats:italic>\n                    have not been fully characterized. In this study, real-time functional optical coherence tomography (OCT) was used to visualize and quantify blue-light-induced peripheral arterial photorelaxation in living mice. Arteries in the femoral, tail, and auricular regions were exposed to 473-nm blue-light stimulation and imaged using OCT angiography and Doppler OCT to monitor changes in vessel diameter and blood flow. Blue-light stimulation induced rapid, reversible, and artery-selective vasodilation with minimal effects on adjacent veins. Flow velocity decreased during stimulation, whereas the increase in vessel cross-sectional area resulted in higher volumetric blood flow. The vasodilatory response was retained in single opsin-deficient mouse models (Opn3\n                    <jats:sup>\u2212<\/jats:sup>\n                    \/\n                    <jats:sup>\u2212<\/jats:sup>\n                    , Opn4\n                    <jats:sup>\u2212<\/jats:sup>\n                    \/\n                    <jats:sup>\u2212<\/jats:sup>\n                    , and Opn5\n                    <jats:sup>\u2212<\/jats:sup>\n                    \/\n                    <jats:sup>\u2212<\/jats:sup>\n                    ) but was absent in Opn4\/Opn5 double-knockout mice, indicating a cooperative role of non-visual opsins. These findings demonstrate increased local perfusion during optical stimulation and highlight the potential of photorelaxation as a spatially targeted approach to vascular modulation.\n                  <\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.1364\/boe.596182","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2026,6,3]],"date-time":"2026-06-03T08:00:05Z","timestamp":1780473605000},"page":"3697","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1364\/crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":1,"title":["<i>In vivo<\/i>\n                    characterization of blue-light-induced peripheral arterial photorelaxation using functional OCT"],"prefix":"10.1364","volume":"17","author":[{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0003-0793-2735","authenticated-orcid":true,"given":"Woo June","family":"Choi","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"id":[{"id":"https:\/\/ror.org\/01r024a98","id-type":"ROR","asserted-by":"publisher"}]}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Ethan D.","family":"Buhr","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"University of Washington"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Russell N.","family":"Van Gelder","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"University of Washington"},{"name":"University of Washington School of Medicine"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Richard A.","family":"Lang","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Cincinnati Children\u2019s Hospital Medical Center"},{"name":"Abrahamson Pediatric Eye Institute, Cincinnati Children\u2019s Hospital Medical Center"},{"name":"University of Cincinnati"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0001-5169-8822","authenticated-orcid":true,"given":"Ruikang K.","family":"Wang","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"University of Washington"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"285","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2026,6,17]]},"reference":[{"key":"boe-17-7-3697-R1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"456","DOI":"10.1038\/s41569-021-00663-9","type":"journal-article","volume":"19","author":"Golledge","year":"2022","journal-title":"Nat. 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