{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,7,30]],"date-time":"2026-07-30T16:38:16Z","timestamp":1785429496311,"version":"3.56.0"},"reference-count":42,"publisher":"Optica Publishing Group","issue":"8","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2026,7,22]],"date-time":"2026-07-22T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1784678400000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1364\/OA_License_v2#VOR-OA"},{"start":{"date-parts":[[2026,7,22]],"date-time":"2026-07-22T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1784678400000},"content-version":"tdm","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/opg.optica.org\/policies\/opg-tdm-policy.json"}],"funder":[{"DOI":"10.13039\/501100001711","name":"Swiss National Science Foundation","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","award":["197079"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["197079"]}],"id":[{"id":"10.13039\/501100001711","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"crossref"},{"id":"https:\/\/ror.org\/00yjd3n13","id-type":"ROR","asserted-by":"publisher"}]},{"name":"Innovationspool of the University Hospital Zurich"}],"content-domain":{"domain":["opg.optica.org"],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["Biomed. Opt. Express"],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2026,8,1]]},"abstract":"<jats:p>\n                    Dynamic liquid blood phantoms are often used to evaluate performance of near-infrared spectroscopy (NIRS) oximeters, but require a continuous and independent method to determine the \u201ctrue\u201d oxygenation (SO\n                    <jats:sub>2<\/jats:sub>\n                    ), which serves as a reference. We developed IPCR (Inline PhysicoChemical Reference), which derives continuous SO\n                    <jats:sub>2<\/jats:sub>\n                    from the inline partial pressure of oxygen (pO\n                    <jats:sub>2<\/jats:sub>\n                    ), partial pressure of carbon dioxide (pCO\n                    <jats:sub>2<\/jats:sub>\n                    ), pH, and temperature sensors using the hemoglobin-oxygen dissociation curve. We achieved a median propagated uncertainty of 2.1%. We tested IPCR in blood phantom experiments. IPCR agreed well with the ISS OxiplexTS (FD-NIRS) at low optical load (RMSE 3.5-4.2%, CCC &gt; 0.99). During eight deoxygenation runs (reduced scattering coefficient between 6.0-23.0\u2005cm\n                    <jats:sup>\u22121<\/jats:sup>\n                    , total hemoglobin concentration between 35-230 \u03bcM), both OxiplexTS and Masimo O3 (CW-NIRS) agreed well with IPCR at high SO\n                    <jats:sub>2<\/jats:sub>\n                    , where they provided reliable outputs. The signal quality of both NIRS devices degraded at higher optical loads, while IPCR maintained a measurement range of \u223c0-100%. We conclude that IPCR provides a continuous, optically independent physicochemical reference for dynamic blood-phantom experiments.\n                  <\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.1364\/boe.601353","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2026,6,22]],"date-time":"2026-06-22T07:00:08Z","timestamp":1782111608000},"page":"4262","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1364\/crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":0,"title":["Inline dissolved-gas-derived oxygen saturation reference for dynamic blood phantoms at adult-head optical properties"],"prefix":"10.1364","volume":"17","author":[{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0009-0000-2206-3852","authenticated-orcid":true,"given":"E.","family":"Russomanno","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"id":[{"id":"https:\/\/ror.org\/01462r250","id-type":"ROR","asserted-by":"publisher"}]},{"name":"D-ITET, ETH Zurich"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"D.","family":"Yacheur","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"id":[{"id":"https:\/\/ror.org\/01462r250","id-type":"ROR","asserted-by":"publisher"}]},{"name":"D-ITET, ETH Zurich"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"X.","family":"Yang","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"D-ITET, ETH Zurich"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"S.","family":"Spinthaki","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"id":[{"id":"https:\/\/ror.org\/01462r250","id-type":"ROR","asserted-by":"publisher"}]},{"name":"D-ITET, ETH Zurich"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"D.","family":"Gaiki","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"id":[{"id":"https:\/\/ror.org\/01462r250","id-type":"ROR","asserted-by":"publisher"}]},{"name":"D-ITET, ETH Zurich"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"M.","family":"Ackermann","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"id":[{"id":"https:\/\/ror.org\/01462r250","id-type":"ROR","asserted-by":"publisher"}]}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"L.","family":"Lanini","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"id":[{"id":"https:\/\/ror.org\/01462r250","id-type":"ROR","asserted-by":"publisher"}]},{"name":"D-ITET, ETH Zurich"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-3983-7647","authenticated-orcid":true,"given":"J.","family":"Jiang","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"id":[{"id":"https:\/\/ror.org\/01462r250","id-type":"ROR","asserted-by":"publisher"}]}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0001-7525-891X","authenticated-orcid":true,"given":"M.","family":"Wolf","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"id":[{"id":"https:\/\/ror.org\/01462r250","id-type":"ROR","asserted-by":"publisher"}]},{"name":"D-ITET, ETH Zurich"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-0246-6942","authenticated-orcid":true,"given":"A.","family":"Kalyanov","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"id":[{"id":"https:\/\/ror.org\/01462r250","id-type":"ROR","asserted-by":"publisher"}]}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"285","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2026,7,22]]},"reference":[{"key":"boe-17-8-4262-R1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"649","DOI":"10.1098\/rstb.1997.0046","type":"journal-article","volume":"352","author":"Delpy","year":"1997","journal-title":"Phil. 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