{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,8,17]],"date-time":"2026-08-17T21:30:25Z","timestamp":1787002225654,"version":"build-2736575974"},"reference-count":40,"publisher":"Optica Publishing Group","issue":"9","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2026,8,17]],"date-time":"2026-08-17T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1786924800000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1364\/OA_License_v2#VOR-OA"},{"start":{"date-parts":[[2026,8,17]],"date-time":"2026-08-17T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1786924800000},"content-version":"tdm","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/opg.optica.org\/policies\/opg-tdm-policy.json"}],"funder":[{"DOI":"10.13039\/501100001809","name":"National Natural Science Foundation of                         China","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","award":["62575066"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["62575066"]}],"id":[{"id":"10.13039\/501100001809","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"crossref"},{"id":"https:\/\/ror.org\/01h0zpd94","id-type":"ROR","asserted-by":"publisher"}]},{"DOI":"10.13039\/501100021171","name":"Guangdong Basic and Applied Basic                         Research Foundation","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","award":["2024A1515011344"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["2024A1515011344"]}],"id":[{"id":"10.13039\/501100021171","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"crossref"}]}],"content-domain":{"domain":["opg.optica.org"],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["Biomed. Opt. Express"],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2026,9,1]]},"abstract":"<jats:p>\n                    <jats:italic>In vivo<\/jats:italic>\n                    wave-based optical coherence elastography                     (OCE) is often constrained by short propagation distances, sparse                     spatial sampling, and low signal-to-noise ratios (SNRs), which degrade                     the wavenumber localization and phase-velocity accuracy of                     conventional two-dimensional fast Fourier transform (2D-FFT) analysis.                     Here, we introduce Multiple Signal Classification (MUSIC), which                     exploits signal\u2013noise subspace orthogonality to improve                     wavenumber localization. Numerical simulations and agar phantom                     experiments compared MUSIC with 2D-FFT under impulse                     (0\u2013800\u2005Hz) and chirp (0\u20135000\u2005Hz)                     excitation. Under sparse sampling (6 points over 2\u2005mm), MUSIC                     maintained absolute mean biases below 1.5% for impulse                     excitation and 0.2% for chirp excitation across prescribed                     velocities of 2\u201320\u2005m\/s, whereas the 2D-FFT bias                     approached 20% at higher velocities. MUSIC also produced usable                     phase-velocity estimates at SNRs of 2:1 for impulse excitation and 1:5                     for chirp excitation. Joint simulations spanning 6\u2013121 spatial                     samples and 2\u201340\u2005mm apertures further showed that sample                     number affected 2D-FFT accuracy more strongly than aperture length                     within the evaluated range. In dispersive Kelvin\u2013Voigt                     simulations                     (\n                    <jats:italic>\u03bc<\/jats:italic>\n                    <jats:sub>1<\/jats:sub>\n                    \u2009=\u200925 kPa,\n                    <jats:italic>\u03b7<\/jats:italic>\n                    \u2009=\u20090.1\u20135\u2005Pa\u00b7s),                     the absolute mean phase-velocity bias of MUSIC remained below                     0.4%, whereas 2D-FFT underestimated phase velocity by up to                     17.7% under sparse sampling. Agar phantom experiments showed                     that MUSIC-derived phase velocity and fitted elastic shear modulus                     were less sensitive to spatial sample number, whereas viscosity                     estimates remained variable and model dependent. These findings                     support MUSIC as a promising alternative for dispersion analysis with                     improved effective wavenumber localization under practical OCE                     acquisition                     constraints.\n                  <\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.1364\/boe.606647","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2026,7,24]],"date-time":"2026-07-24T14:00:06Z","timestamp":1784901606000},"page":"4635","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1364\/crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":0,"title":["Super-resolution wave-dispersion analysis in optical coherence elastography using multiple signal classification (MUSIC)"],"prefix":"10.1364","volume":"17","author":[{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-6928-2398","authenticated-orcid":true,"given":"Gongpu","family":"Lan","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"id":[{"id":"https:\/\/ror.org\/02xvvvp28","id-type":"ROR","asserted-by":"publisher"}]}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Bolin","family":"Li","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"id":[{"id":"https:\/\/ror.org\/02xvvvp28","id-type":"ROR","asserted-by":"publisher"}]}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-0016-5791","authenticated-orcid":true,"given":"Jingjiang","family":"Xu","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"id":[{"id":"https:\/\/ror.org\/02xvvvp28","id-type":"ROR","asserted-by":"publisher"}]}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Yanping","family":"Huang","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"id":[{"id":"https:\/\/ror.org\/02xvvvp28","id-type":"ROR","asserted-by":"publisher"}]}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Jia","family":"Qin","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Guangdong Weiren Meditech Co., Ltd."}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Lin","family":"An","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Guangdong Weiren Meditech Co., Ltd."}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"285","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2026,8,17]]},"reference":[{"key":"boe-17-9-4635-R1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"199","DOI":"10.1364\/OE.3.000199","type":"journal-article","volume":"3","author":"Schmitt","year":"1998","journal-title":"Opt. Express"},{"key":"boe-17-9-4635-R2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"39","DOI":"10.1038\/s43586-025-00406-x","type":"journal-article","volume":"5","author":"Singh","year":"2025","journal-title":"Nat. Rev. Methods                     Primers"},{"key":"boe-17-9-4635-R3","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"5253","DOI":"10.1364\/BOE.8.005253","type":"journal-article","volume":"8","author":"Lan","year":"2017","journal-title":"Biomed. Opt.                     Express"},{"key":"boe-17-9-4635-R4","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"58","DOI":"10.1038\/s41377-020-0297-9","type":"journal-article","volume":"9","author":"Li","year":"2020","journal-title":"Light: Sci.                     Appl."},{"key":"boe-17-9-4635-R5","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"012007","DOI":"10.1088\/2516-1091\/ac4512","type":"journal-article","volume":"4","author":"Zvietcovich","year":"2022","journal-title":"Prog. Biomed.                     Eng."},{"key":"boe-17-9-4635-R6","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"17366","DOI":"10.1038\/s41598-020-74383-4","type":"journal-article","volume":"10","author":"Ramier","year":"2020","journal-title":"Sci.                     Rep."},{"key":"boe-17-9-4635-R7","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"58","DOI":"10.1097\/OPX.0000000000001633","type":"journal-article","volume":"98","author":"Lan","year":"2021","journal-title":"Optom. Vis.                     Sci."},{"key":"boe-17-9-4635-R8","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"e202000104","DOI":"10.1002\/jbio.202000104","type":"journal-article","volume":"13","author":"Jin","year":"2020","journal-title":"J. Biophotonics"},{"key":"boe-17-9-4635-R9","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"5434","DOI":"10.1364\/BOE.463600","type":"journal-article","volume":"13","author":"Vinas-Pena","year":"2022","journal-title":"Biomed. Opt.                     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Biol."},{"key":"boe-17-9-4635-R22","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"e201960074","DOI":"10.1002\/jbio.201960074","type":"journal-article","volume":"13","author":"Jin","year":"2020","journal-title":"J. Biophotonics"},{"key":"boe-17-9-4635-R23","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"183701","DOI":"10.1063\/5.0267820","type":"journal-article","volume":"126","author":"Ma","year":"2025","journal-title":"Appl. Phys.                     Lett."},{"key":"boe-17-9-4635-R24","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"603","DOI":"10.1364\/OE.445259","type":"journal-article","volume":"30","author":"Urba\u0144ska","year":"2022","journal-title":"Opt. Express"},{"key":"boe-17-9-4635-R25","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"16635","DOI":"10.1364\/OE.27.016635","type":"journal-article","volume":"27","author":"Ramier","year":"2019","journal-title":"Opt. 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Imaging"},{"key":"boe-17-9-4635-R39","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"124506","DOI":"10.1117\/1.JBO.30.12.124506","type":"journal-article","volume":"30","author":"Schmidt","year":"2025","journal-title":"J. Biomed. Opt."},{"key":"boe-17-9-4635-R40","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"106257","DOI":"10.1016\/j.ultras.2020.106257","type":"journal-article","volume":"109","author":"Kijanka","year":"2021","journal-title":"Ultrasonics"},{"key":"boe-17-9-4635-R41","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","author":"Lan","year":"2026","DOI":"10.6084\/m9.figshare.33050354","type":"software"}],"container-title":["Biomedical Optics Express"],"original-title":[],"language":"en","link":[{"URL":"https:\/\/opg.optica.org\/viewmedia.cfm?URI=boe-17-9-4635&seq=0","content-type":"unspecified","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"similarity-checking"}],"deposited":{"date-parts":[[2026,8,17]],"date-time":"2026-08-17T20:38:24Z","timestamp":1786999104000},"score":1,"resource":{"primary":{"URL":"https:\/\/opg.optica.org\/abstract.cfm?URI=boe-17-9-4635"}},"subtitle":[],"short-title":[],"issued":{"date-parts":[[2026,8,17]]},"references-count":40,"journal-issue":{"issue":"9","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2026]]},"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2026]]}},"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1364\/boe.606647","relation":{},"ISSN":["2156-7085","2156-7085"],"issn-type":[{"value":"2156-7085","type":"print"},{"value":"2156-7085","type":"electronic"}],"subject":[],"published":{"date-parts":[[2026,8,17]]},"assertion":[{"value":"Optica Publishing Group","name":"publisher","label":"This article is maintained by"},{"value":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1364\/BOE.606647","name":"articlelink","label":"Crossref DOI link to publisher maintained version"},{"value":"research-article","name":"content_type","label":"Article type"},{"value":"Screened by Similarity Check","name":"cross_check","label":"Similarity check"},{"value":"Yes","order":0,"name":"peer_reviewed","label":"Peer reviewed","group":{"name":"peer_review","label":"Peer review"}},{"value":"Single blind","order":1,"name":"review_process","label":"Review process","group":{"name":"peer_review","label":"Peer review"}},{"value":"5 June 2026","order":0,"name":"received","label":"Received","group":{"name":"publication_history","label":"Publication History"}},{"value":"23 July 2026","order":1,"name":"accepted","label":"Accepted","group":{"name":"publication_history","label":"Publication History"}},{"value":"17 August 2026","order":2,"name":"published","label":"Published","group":{"name":"publication_history","label":"Publication History"}},{"value":"\u00a9 2026 Optica                     Publishing Group under the terms of the Optica Open                     Access Publishing Agreement","name":"copyright","label":"Copyright"}]}}