{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,8,7]],"date-time":"2026-08-07T17:53:33Z","timestamp":1786125213445,"version":"build-2736575974"},"reference-count":38,"publisher":"Optica Publishing Group","issue":"9","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2026,8,7]],"date-time":"2026-08-07T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1786060800000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1364\/OA_License_v2#VOR-OA"},{"start":{"date-parts":[[2026,8,7]],"date-time":"2026-08-07T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1786060800000},"content-version":"tdm","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/opg.optica.org\/policies\/opg-tdm-policy.json"}],"funder":[{"DOI":"10.13039\/100000002","name":"National Institutes of Health","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","award":["R01-HL156265"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["R01-HL156265"]}],"id":[{"id":"10.13039\/100000002","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"crossref"},{"id":"https:\/\/ror.org\/01cwqze88","id-type":"ROR","asserted-by":"publisher"}]},{"DOI":"10.13039\/100000002","name":"National Institutes of Health","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","award":["R01-EB036005"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["R01-EB036005"]}],"id":[{"id":"10.13039\/100000002","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"crossref"},{"id":"https:\/\/ror.org\/01cwqze88","id-type":"ROR","asserted-by":"publisher"}]},{"name":"NSF","award":["2445524"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["2445524"]}],"id":[{"id":"https:\/\/ror.org\/00zc1hf95","id-type":"ROR","asserted-by":"publisher"}]},{"name":"NSF","award":["Graduate Research Fellowship Program"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["Graduate Research Fellowship Program"]}],"id":[{"id":"https:\/\/ror.org\/00zc1hf95","id-type":"ROR","asserted-by":"publisher"}]},{"name":"Olin Chancellor's Fellowship"},{"name":"Imaging Science Pathway Fellowship","award":["5T32EB014855"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["5T32EB014855"]}]}],"content-domain":{"domain":["opg.optica.org"],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["Biomed. Opt. Express"],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2026,9,1]]},"abstract":"<jats:p>\n                    Biological tissues intrinsically scatter light, which limits the depth of penetration of optical imaging. Optical coherence tomography (OCT) is a non-invasive, label-free imaging modality that generates real-time 2- and 3- dimensional\n                    <jats:italic>in vivo<\/jats:italic>\n                    images with high spatial resolution (&lt;10\u2005\u00b5m). While OCT has been used in nascent otologic studies to noninvasively diagnose otitis media, distinguish cholesteatoma from normal middle ear mucosa, and identify vascular tumors of the middle ear, the intrinsic light scattering of the tympanic membrane (TM) limits OCT penetration depth. Optical clearing agents (OCAs) are known to improve optical transparency by decreasing the refractive index mismatch between cellular and extracellular components of biological tissue, thereby increasing the amount of light penetration. Tartrazine (Yellow 5) is an absorbable FDA-approved food-grade dye that has been shown to make biological tissue transparent in\n                    <jats:italic>in vivo<\/jats:italic>\n                    and\n                    <jats:italic>ex vivo<\/jats:italic>\n                    animal models. In this study, we investigated the application of tartrazine to optically clear the TM of human cadaveric specimens using a custom-built 1310\u2005nm swept-source OCT system. We demonstrate that tartrazine is an effective OCA for the TM and improves the quality of visualization for OCT imaging into the middle ear, highlighting the potential clinical application of tartrazine to improve the noninvasive diagnosis of middle ear pathologies using OCT.\n                  <\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.1364\/boe.609756","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2026,7,28]],"date-time":"2026-07-28T14:00:08Z","timestamp":1785247208000},"page":"4540","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1364\/crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":0,"title":["Tartrazine clearing of the tympanic membrane for improved visualization of the middle ear"],"prefix":"10.1364","volume":"17","author":[{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0003-3664-2286","authenticated-orcid":true,"given":"Pawina","family":"Jiramongkolchai","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"id":[{"id":"https:\/\/ror.org\/01yc7t268","id-type":"ROR","asserted-by":"publisher"}]}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Rosana","family":"Alfaro","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Washington University in St. Louis"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-4817-1234","authenticated-orcid":true,"given":"Abigail","family":"Matt","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Washington University in St. Louis"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Ratul","family":"Paul","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Washington University in St. Louis"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Meitong","family":"Nie","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Washington University in St. Louis"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0009-0005-0860-7629","authenticated-orcid":true,"given":"Senyue","family":"Hao","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Washington University in St. Louis"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0009-0002-9891-9797","authenticated-orcid":true,"given":"Aaron J","family":"Adkins","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Washington University in St. Louis"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Hongwu","family":"Liang","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Washington University in St. Louis"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Brian","family":"Faddis","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"id":[{"id":"https:\/\/ror.org\/01yc7t268","id-type":"ROR","asserted-by":"publisher"}]}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Jacques","family":"Herzog","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"id":[{"id":"https:\/\/ror.org\/01yc7t268","id-type":"ROR","asserted-by":"publisher"}]}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Craig A","family":"Buchman","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"University of Utah"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Jay F","family":"Piccirillo","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"id":[{"id":"https:\/\/ror.org\/01yc7t268","id-type":"ROR","asserted-by":"publisher"}]}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-8679-3413","authenticated-orcid":true,"given":"Chao","family":"Zhou","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Washington University in St. Louis"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"285","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2026,8,7]]},"reference":[{"key":"boe-17-9-4540-R1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"9","DOI":"10.1038\/sj.neo.7900071","type":"journal-article","volume":"2","author":"Fujimoto","year":"2000","journal-title":"Neoplasia"},{"key":"boe-17-9-4540-R2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"OCT1","DOI":"10.1167\/iovs.16-19963","type":"journal-article","volume":"57","author":"Fujimoto","year":"2016","journal-title":"Invest. 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