{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,6,22]],"date-time":"2026-06-22T17:39:05Z","timestamp":1782149945639,"version":"3.54.5"},"reference-count":37,"publisher":"Optica Publishing Group","issue":"5","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2025,4,2]],"date-time":"2025-04-02T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1743552000000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1364\/OA_License_v2#VOR-OA"},{"start":{"date-parts":[[2025,4,2]],"date-time":"2025-04-02T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1743552000000},"content-version":"tdm","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/opg.optica.org\/policies\/opg-tdm-policy.json"}],"funder":[{"DOI":"10.13039\/100000181","name":"Air Force Office of Scientific Research","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","award":["FA9550-21-1-0230"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["FA9550-21-1-0230"]}],"id":[{"id":"10.13039\/100000181","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]},{"DOI":"10.13039\/100000145","name":"Division of Information and Intelligent Systems","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","award":["231-3149"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["231-3149"]}],"id":[{"id":"10.13039\/100000145","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]}],"content-domain":{"domain":["opg.optica.org"],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["J. Opt. Soc. Am. A"],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2025,5,1]]},"abstract":"<jats:p>We develop an efficient coding model to address how a population of retinal ganglion cells (RGCs) can optimally combine signals from the retinal cone mosaic to maximize information transfer through the optic nerve. The model takes into account the redundancies inherent in color natural images and predicts how they should be reduced in order to make the best use of channel capacity in the optic nerve, given metabolic constraints, wiring constraints, and input and channel noise. RGCs are modeled as a set of linear\u2013nonlinear neurons whose instantaneous firing rate is computed via a weighted sum of cone responses from a simulated L- and M-cone mosaic, followed by a rectifying nonlinearity. When adapted to a set of calibrated color natural images so as to maximize mutual information between the retinal image and RGC outputs, the learned weights exhibit a circularly symmetric, center\u2013surround structure, and the population of RGCs tile visual space via ON- and OFF-mosaics, in line with previous studies that use only luminance variations in natural scenes. Over a range of cone-to-neuron ratios, the model RGCs strategically weight cones of a particular spectral type to construct a stronger form of L\u2013M cone-opponency than would be obtained with purely random sampling, implying that such a specific arrangement increases information transfer through the optic nerve. Additionally, we find that the degree of cone-type-specific adaptation varies with the amount of noise in the cone activations, with less noise leading to more specific adaptation. The results of this study point to the benefits of strategic cone weighting for maximizing information transfer for spatiochromatic natural scenes.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.1364\/josaa.545141","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2025,3,5]],"date-time":"2025-03-05T15:00:23Z","timestamp":1741186823000},"page":"B495","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1364\/crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":2,"title":["Emergence of strategic cone weighting  from efficient coding of spatiochromatic natural images"],"prefix":"10.1364","volume":"42","author":[{"given":"Alexander","family":"Belsten","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"University of California, Berkeley"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Bruno A.","family":"Olshausen","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"University of California, Berkeley"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"285","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2025,4,2]]},"reference":[{"key":"josaa-42-5-B495-R1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"21","DOI":"10.1242\/jeb.146.1.21","volume":"146","author":"Mollon","year":"1989","journal-title":"J. Exp. Biol."},{"key":"josaa-42-5-B495-R2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"167","DOI":"10.1113\/jphysiol.1975.sp011086","volume":"251","author":"De Monasterio","year":"1975","journal-title":"J. Physiol."},{"key":"josaa-42-5-B495-R3","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"241","DOI":"10.1113\/jphysiol.1984.sp015499","volume":"357","author":"Derrington","year":"1984","journal-title":"J. Physiol."},{"key":"josaa-42-5-B495-R4","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1520","DOI":"10.1523\/JNEUROSCI.1688-17.2017","volume":"38","author":"Wool","year":"2018","journal-title":"J. Neurosci."},{"key":"josaa-42-5-B495-R5","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"161","DOI":"10.1017\/S095252389815112X","volume":"15","author":"Lee","year":"1998","journal-title":"Vis. Neurosci."},{"key":"josaa-42-5-B495-R6","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"11148","DOI":"10.1523\/JNEUROSCI.3237-06.2006","volume":"26","author":"Buz\u00e1s","year":"2006","journal-title":"J. Neurosci."},{"key":"josaa-42-5-B495-R7","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"673","DOI":"10.1038\/nature09424","volume":"467","author":"Field","year":"2010","journal-title":"Nature"},{"key":"josaa-42-5-B495-R8","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1762","DOI":"10.1523\/JNEUROSCI.4385-10.2011","volume":"31","author":"Crook","year":"2011","journal-title":"J. Neurosci."},{"key":"josaa-42-5-B495-R9","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"183","DOI":"10.1037\/h0054663","volume":"61","author":"Attneave","year":"1954","journal-title":"Psychol. Rev."},{"key":"josaa-42-5-B495-R10","first-page":"217","article-title":"Possible principles underlying the transformation of sensory messages","volume-title":"Sensory Communication","volume":"1","author":"Barlow","year":"1961"},{"key":"josaa-42-5-B495-R11","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"308","DOI":"10.1162\/neco.1990.2.3.308","volume":"2","author":"Atick","year":"1990","journal-title":"Neural Comput."},{"key":"josaa-42-5-B495-R12","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"196","DOI":"10.1162\/neco.1992.4.2.196","volume":"4","author":"Atick","year":"1992","journal-title":"Neural Comput."},{"key":"josaa-42-5-B495-R13","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"397","DOI":"10.1162\/089976603762552960","volume":"15","author":"Doi","year":"2003","journal-title":"Neural Comput."},{"key":"josaa-42-5-B495-R14","first-page":"353","article-title":"A theory of retinal population coding","volume-title":"Advances in Neural Information Processing Systems","volume":"19","author":"Doi","year":"2007"},{"key":"josaa-42-5-B495-R15","article-title":"Efficient coding of natural images with a population of noisy linear-nonlinear neurons","volume-title":"Advances in Neural Information Processing Systems","volume":"24","author":"Karklin","year":"2011"},{"key":"josaa-42-5-B495-R16","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"409","DOI":"10.1038\/s41586-021-03317-5","volume":"592","author":"Roy","year":"2021","journal-title":"Nature"},{"key":"josaa-42-5-B495-R17","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"e2105115118","DOI":"10.1073\/pnas.2105115118","volume":"118","author":"Jun","year":"2021","journal-title":"Proc. Natl. Acad. Sci. USA"},{"key":"josaa-42-5-B495-R18","article-title":"The emergence of multiple retinal cell types through efficient coding of natural movies","volume-title":"Advances in Neural Information Processing Systems","volume":"31","author":"Ocko","year":"2018"},{"key":"josaa-42-5-B495-R19","first-page":"32311","article-title":"Efficient coding, channel capacity, and the emergence of retinal mosaics","volume-title":"Advances in Neural Information Processing Systems","volume":"35","author":"Jun","year":"2022"},{"key":"josaa-42-5-B495-R20","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"e52599","DOI":"10.7554\/eLife.52599","volume":"12","author":"Singer","year":"2023","journal-title":"Elife"},{"key":"josaa-42-5-B495-R21","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"2036","DOI":"10.1364\/JOSAA.15.002036","volume":"15","author":"Ruderman","year":"1998","journal-title":"J. Opt. Soc. Am. A"},{"key":"josaa-42-5-B495-R22","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"89","DOI":"10.1098\/rspb.1983.0090","volume":"220","author":"Buchsbaum","year":"1983","journal-title":"Proc. R. Soc. Lond. B"},{"key":"josaa-42-5-B495-R23","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"559","DOI":"10.1162\/neco.1992.4.4.559","volume":"4","author":"Atick","year":"1992","journal-title":"Neural Comput."},{"key":"josaa-42-5-B495-R24","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"2095","DOI":"10.1016\/S0042-6989(02)00122-0","volume":"42","author":"Lee","year":"2002","journal-title":"Vis. Res."},{"key":"josaa-42-5-B495-R25","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"6","DOI":"10.1167\/7.8.6","volume":"7","author":"Wachtler","year":"2007","journal-title":"J. Vis."},{"key":"josaa-42-5-B495-R26","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"2379","DOI":"10.1364\/JOSAA.4.002379","volume":"4","author":"Field","year":"1987","journal-title":"J. Opt. Soc. Am. A"},{"key":"josaa-42-5-B495-R27","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1193","DOI":"10.1146\/annurev.neuro.24.1.1193","volume":"24","author":"Simoncelli","year":"2001","journal-title":"Annu. Rev. Neurosci."},{"key":"josaa-42-5-B495-R28","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"9669","DOI":"10.1523\/JNEUROSCI.2414-05.2005","volume":"25","author":"Hofer","year":"2005","journal-title":"J. Neurosci."},{"key":"josaa-42-5-B495-R29","article-title":"Deriving receptive fields using an optimal encoding criterion","volume-title":"Advances in Neural Information Processing Systems","volume":"5","author":"Linsker","year":"1992"},{"key":"josaa-42-5-B495-R30","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"691","DOI":"10.1162\/neco.1992.4.5.691","volume":"4","author":"Linsker","year":"1992","journal-title":"Neural Comput."},{"key":"josaa-42-5-B495-R31","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1115","DOI":"10.1152\/jn.1966.29.6.1115","volume":"29","author":"Wiesel","year":"1966","journal-title":"J. Neurophysiol."},{"key":"josaa-42-5-B495-R32","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1","DOI":"10.1017\/S0952523800003175","volume":"10","author":"Milam","year":"1993","journal-title":"Vis. Neurosci."},{"key":"josaa-42-5-B495-R33","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"607","DOI":"10.1002\/cne.903480410","volume":"348","author":"Gr\u00fcnert","year":"1994","journal-title":"J. Comp. Neurol."},{"key":"josaa-42-5-B495-R34","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"589","DOI":"10.1364\/JOSAA.17.000589","volume":"17","author":"Dacey","year":"2000","journal-title":"J. Opt. Soc. Am. A"},{"key":"josaa-42-5-B495-R35","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"7893","DOI":"10.1523\/JNEUROSCI.0778-19.2019","volume":"39","author":"Wool","year":"2019","journal-title":"J. Neurosci."},{"key":"josaa-42-5-B495-R36","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1090","DOI":"10.1167\/jov.24.10.1090","volume":"24","author":"Cottaris","year":"2024","journal-title":"J. Vis."},{"key":"josaa-42-5-B495-R37","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"8","DOI":"10.1167\/19.4.8","volume":"19","author":"Cottaris","year":"2019","journal-title":"J. Vis."}],"container-title":["Journal of the Optical Society of America A"],"original-title":[],"language":"en","link":[{"URL":"https:\/\/opg.optica.org\/viewmedia.cfm?URI=josaa-42-5-B495","content-type":"application\/pdf","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"syndication"},{"URL":"https:\/\/opg.optica.org\/viewmedia.cfm?URI=josaa-42-5-B495&seq=0","content-type":"unspecified","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"similarity-checking"}],"deposited":{"date-parts":[[2025,4,4]],"date-time":"2025-04-04T20:12:16Z","timestamp":1743797536000},"score":1,"resource":{"primary":{"URL":"https:\/\/opg.optica.org\/abstract.cfm?URI=josaa-42-5-B495"}},"subtitle":[],"short-title":[],"issued":{"date-parts":[[2025,4,2]]},"references-count":37,"journal-issue":{"issue":"5","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2025]]},"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2025]]}},"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1364\/josaa.545141","relation":{},"ISSN":["1084-7529","1520-8532"],"issn-type":[{"value":"1084-7529","type":"print"},{"value":"1520-8532","type":"electronic"}],"subject":[],"published":{"date-parts":[[2025,4,2]]},"assertion":[{"value":"Optica Publishing Group","name":"publisher","label":"This article is maintained by"},{"value":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1364\/JOSAA.545141","name":"articlelink","label":"Crossref DOI link to publisher maintained version"},{"value":"research-article","name":"content_type","label":"Article type"},{"value":"Screened by Similarity Check","name":"cross_check","label":"Similarity check"},{"value":"Yes","order":0,"name":"peer_reviewed","label":"Peer reviewed","group":{"name":"peer_review","label":"Peer review"}},{"value":"Single blind","order":1,"name":"review_process","label":"Review process","group":{"name":"peer_review","label":"Peer review"}},{"value":"16 October 2024","order":0,"name":"received","label":"Received","group":{"name":"publication_history","label":"Publication History"}},{"value":"4 March 2025","order":1,"name":"accepted","label":"Accepted","group":{"name":"publication_history","label":"Publication History"}},{"value":"2 April 2025","order":2,"name":"published","label":"Published","group":{"name":"publication_history","label":"Publication History"}},{"value":"\u00a9\n\t\t\t\t\t2025 Optica Publishing Group under the terms of the Optica Open Access\n\t\t\t\t\t\tPublishing Agreement","name":"copyright","label":"Copyright"}]}}