{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,5,13]],"date-time":"2026-05-13T15:17:39Z","timestamp":1778685459907,"version":"3.51.4"},"reference-count":46,"publisher":"Optica Publishing Group","issue":"3","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2026,2,20]],"date-time":"2026-02-20T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1771545600000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1364\/OA_License_v2#VOR-OA"},{"start":{"date-parts":[[2026,2,20]],"date-time":"2026-02-20T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1771545600000},"content-version":"tdm","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/opg.optica.org\/policies\/opg-tdm-policy.json"}],"content-domain":{"domain":["opg.optica.org"],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["J. Opt. Soc. Am. A"],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2026,3,1]]},"abstract":"<jats:p>\n                    An average intraocular lens (IOL) tilt of approximately 5\u00a0deg relative\n\t\t\t\t\tto the visual axis is consistently reported in the clinical\n\t\t\t\t\tliterature, with the implication that it represents a lens\n\t\t\t\t\tmalposition. Modern biometry equipment also now routinely generates\n\t\t\t\t\t\u201cchord\u201d values related to tilt of the eye (chord alpha), and to\n\t\t\t\t\tcentration of the pupil (chord mu), with other equipment measuring\n\t\t\t\t\ttilts directly. In this work, clinical data were used to create\n\t\t\t\t\traytrace eye models, and these show that decentration of the foveal\n\t\t\t\t\tcenter from the optical axis causes a 5\u00a0deg rotation from the optical\n\t\t\t\t\taxis to the visual axis (angle\n                    <jats:italic>\u03b1<\/jats:italic>\n                    ), with similar values for both phakic\n\t\t\t\t\tand pseudophakic eyes, which explains the apparent lens tilt when\n\t\t\t\t\tviewing along the visual axis. Additional findings include that the\n\t\t\t\t\tiris is modestly decentered nasally from the optical axis, the cornea\n\t\t\t\t\tis typically measured along the keratometric axis but eye models are\n\t\t\t\t\tconfigured around the optical axis, and that lines drawn at 5\u00a0deg\n\t\t\t\t\tangles from the pupils meet at a distance corresponding to near\n\t\t\t\t\tvision. These findings clarify the geometric origin of commonly\n\t\t\t\t\treported IOL tilt values and have important implications for clinical\n\t\t\t\t\tpractice.\n                  <\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.1364\/josaa.587441","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2026,2,3]],"date-time":"2026-02-03T16:00:10Z","timestamp":1770134410000},"page":"524","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1364\/crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":1,"title":["Relating intraocular lens tilt to the optical axes of the eye"],"prefix":"10.1364","volume":"43","author":[{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0003-4939-4971","authenticated-orcid":true,"given":"Michael J.","family":"Simpson","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Simpson Optics LLC"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0003-0479-5894","authenticated-orcid":true,"given":"Stefan","family":"Georgiev","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Hanusch Hospital"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Oliver","family":"Findl","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Hanusch Hospital"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]}],"member":"285","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2026,2,20]]},"reference":[{"key":"josaa-43-3-524-R1","volume-title":"Clinical Visual Optics","author":"Bennett","year":"1984"},{"key":"josaa-43-3-524-R2","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","DOI":"10.1201\/9781003128601","volume-title":"Optics of the Human Eye","author":"Atchison","year":"2023"},{"key":"josaa-43-3-524-R3","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"385","DOI":"10.1097\/j.jcrs.0000000000001115","type":"journal-article","volume":"49","author":"Gu","year":"2023","journal-title":"J.\n\t\t\t\t\tCataract Refract. 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