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Opt. Soc. Am. A"],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2026,8,1]]},"abstract":"<jats:p>\n                    This paper provides a perspective on paraxial spin-orbit laser beams with a nonuniform phase-polarization structure embedded with\n                    <jats:italic toggle=\"yes\">C-point<\/jats:italic>\n                    and\n                    <jats:italic toggle=\"yes\">L-line<\/jats:italic>\n                    polarization singularities and surrounding\n                    <jats:italic toggle=\"yes\">lemon<\/jats:italic>\n                    ,\n                    <jats:italic toggle=\"yes\">star<\/jats:italic>\n                    , and\n                    <jats:italic toggle=\"yes\">monstar<\/jats:italic>\n                    polarization topologies. The spin and orbital angular momenta of the light beam are manipulated independently or together to produce spin-orbit light beams with these polarization features. Paraxial spin-orbit beams with topological features are generated using readily available optical components, including, as demonstrated in our group, reflection at a single and multilayer dielectric interface, propagation through an optical fiber, an optical crystal, a GRIN rod, and in two- and three-beam interferometers. Compared with uniformly polarized laser beams, spin-orbit beams offer significant experimental advantages, enabling sensitive, novel (to our knowledge) approaches to measure weak anisotropy effects in dielectric and magneto-optic media, as well as in microscopy and metrology. The generation of spin-orbit beams using off-the-shelf optical components is expected to accelerate their development and use, further enriching this emerging area of optics research.\n                  <\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.1364\/josaa.596270","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2026,6,4]],"date-time":"2026-06-04T13:00:09Z","timestamp":1780578009000},"page":"D119","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1364\/crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":3,"title":["Paraxial spin-orbit beams of light\u2014a perspective [Invited]"],"prefix":"10.1364","volume":"43","author":[{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0003-3189-1021","authenticated-orcid":true,"given":"Nirmal K.","family":"Viswanathan","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"id":[{"id":"https:\/\/ror.org\/04a7rxb17","id-type":"ROR","asserted-by":"publisher"}]}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-6792-270X","authenticated-orcid":true,"given":"Upasana","family":"Baishya","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"id":[{"id":"https:\/\/ror.org\/04a7rxb17","id-type":"ROR","asserted-by":"publisher"}]}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0001-6630-1875","authenticated-orcid":true,"given":"Nitish","family":"Kumar","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"id":[{"id":"https:\/\/ror.org\/04a7rxb17","id-type":"ROR","asserted-by":"publisher"}]}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Dileep Kumar","family":"Upadhyay","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"id":[{"id":"https:\/\/ror.org\/04a7rxb17","id-type":"ROR","asserted-by":"publisher"}]}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"A. 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