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A"],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2026,8,1]]},"abstract":"<jats:p>This study presents a design-level comparison of aperture-induced imaging degradation in reflective and transmissive optical spectrometers using ZEMAX OpticStudio. Two representative grating-based spectrometer configurations were modeled and evaluated under identical input-aperture, wavelength, detector, and grating-order conditions while varying the entrance pinhole diameter from 5 to 100\u00a0\u00b5m. The optical response was assessed using complementary image-quality metrics, including geometric, Huygens, and diffraction modulation transfer functions, line spread function, edge spread function, FFT-derived spread functions, and detector-plane irradiance. The results show that increasing the input pinhole size systematically reduces modulation transfer, broadens the line and edge responses, and redistributes optical energy over a larger detector region, indicating a transition from an optics-limited response at small apertures to a source-size-limited response at larger apertures. Within the specific optical prescriptions considered here, the reflective configuration preserved modulation, edge sharpness, and detector-plane energy confinement more effectively than the simple singlet-lens transmissive configuration. The study establishes a direct design connection between entrance-aperture size, spatial-frequency response, spread-function broadening, and detector-plane energy confinement, providing practical guidance for compact spectrometer designs where resolution, throughput, and aberration tolerance must be balanced.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.1364\/josaa.604734","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2026,6,30]],"date-time":"2026-06-30T16:52:24Z","timestamp":1782838344000},"page":"1272","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1364\/crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":0,"title":["Comparative study of aperture-induced aberrations in reflective and transmissive optical\u00a0spectrometers using ZEMAX"],"prefix":"10.1364","volume":"43","author":[{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0003-3305-2555","authenticated-orcid":true,"given":"Muddasir","family":"Naeem","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"id":[{"id":"https:\/\/ror.org\/05b5x4a35","id-type":"ROR","asserted-by":"publisher"}]}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0001-7881-8687","authenticated-orcid":true,"given":"Tayyab","family":"Imran","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"National Institute for Research and Development in Microtechnologies-IMT Bucharest"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"285","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2026,7,21]]},"reference":[{"key":"josaa-43-8-1272-R1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1929","DOI":"10.3390\/molecules26071929","type":"journal-article","volume":"26","author":"Pascu","year":"2021","journal-title":"Molecules"},{"key":"josaa-43-8-1272-R2","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","DOI":"10.1007\/978-981-15-0202-6","volume-title":"Advances in Spectroscopy: Molecules to Materials","volume":"140","author":"Singh","year":"2019"},{"key":"josaa-43-8-1272-R3","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"2400155","DOI":"10.1002\/lpor.202400155","type":"journal-article","volume":"19","author":"Zhang","year":"2025","journal-title":"Laser Photonics Rev."},{"key":"josaa-43-8-1272-R4","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"23","DOI":"10.1186\/s43593-025-00101-0","type":"journal-article","volume":"5","author":"Zhang","year":"2025","journal-title":"eLight"},{"key":"josaa-43-8-1272-R5","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"042001","DOI":"10.1088\/2516-1091\/abaaa3","type":"journal-article","volume":"2","author":"Kim","year":"2020","journal-title":"Prog. 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All rights, including for text and data mining (TDM), Artificial Intelligence (AI) training, and similar technologies, are reserved.","name":"copyright","label":"Copyright"}]}}