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Express"],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2021,6,21]]},"abstract":"<jats:p>A photonic integrated circuit (PIC) comprised of an 11\u2005cm long multimode speckle waveguide, a 1\u2009\u00d7\u200932 splitter, and a linear grating coupler array is fabricated and utilized to receive 2\u2005GHz of radio-frequency (RF) signal bandwidth from 2.5 to 4.5\u2005GHz using compressive sensing (CS). Incoming RF signals are modulated onto chirped optical pulses which are input to the multimode waveguide. The multimode waveguide produces the random projections needed for CS via optical speckle. The time-varying phase and amplitude of two test RF signals between 2.5 and 4.5\u2005GHz are successfully recovered using the standard penalized <jats:italic>l<\/jats:italic>1-norm method. The PIC reduces the speckle mixer footprint compared with the previously demonstrated fiber system. Two new PIC structures, the \u201cwaveguide bus trombone flare\u201d and the \u201cmatched 90 degree bus bend\u201d are developed to support precise analog signal routing. The use of a passive PIC serves as an initial critical step towards the miniaturization of a compressive sensing RF receiver.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.1364\/oe.408565","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2021,5,11]],"date-time":"2021-05-11T01:00:08Z","timestamp":1620694808000},"page":"19222","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1364\/crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":18,"title":["Photonic integrated circuit based compressive sensing radio frequency receiver using waveguide speckle"],"prefix":"10.1364","volume":"29","author":[{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0001-8754-1982","authenticated-orcid":true,"given":"David B.","family":"Borlaug","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"The Aerospace Corporation"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-0173-1281","authenticated-orcid":true,"given":"Steven","family":"Estrella","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Freedom Photonics"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Carl T.","family":"Boone","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"The Aerospace Corporation"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"George A.","family":"Sefler","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"The Aerospace Corporation"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Thomas Justin","family":"Shaw","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"The Aerospace Corporation"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Angsuman","family":"Roy","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Freedom Photonics"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Leif","family":"Johansson","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Freedom Photonics"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"George C.","family":"Valley","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"The Aerospace Corporation"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]}],"member":"285","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2021,6,7]]},"reference":[{"key":"oe-29-13-19222-R1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"97470B","DOI":"10.1117\/12.2208738","volume":"9747","author":"Valley","year":"2016","journal-title":"Proc. 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