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Express"],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2022,6,20]]},"abstract":"<jats:p>The mode-division multiplexing technology has been developing slowly in the field of fiber-chip-fiber optical interconnects, mainly limited by the inefficient mode coupling between few-mode fiber and multi-mode photonic chip. Here we propose and design a multi-mode coupler composed of tapered few-mode fiber and silicon integrated multistage waveguide tapers, which allows the direct coupling between high-order fiber modes and high-order waveguide modes with high coupling efficiency and low crosstalk. Based on the edge coupling scheme, the six linear polarization modes (<jats:inline-formula>\n      <mml:math xmlns:mml=\"http:\/\/www.w3.org\/1998\/Math\/MathML\" display=\"inline\">\n\t<mml:msubsup>\n\t  <mml:mrow class=\"MJX-TeXAtom-ORD\">\n\t    <mml:mtext>LP<\/mml:mtext>\n\t  <\/mml:mrow>\n\t  <mml:mrow class=\"MJX-TeXAtom-ORD\">\n\t    <mml:mn>01<\/mml:mn>\n\t  <\/mml:mrow>\n\t  <mml:mrow class=\"MJX-TeXAtom-ORD\">\n\t    <mml:mi>x<\/mml:mi>\n\t    <mml:mrow class=\"MJX-TeXAtom-ORD\">\n\t      <mml:mo>\/<\/mml:mo>\n\t    <\/mml:mrow>\n\t    <mml:mi>y<\/mml:mi>\n\t  <\/mml:mrow>\n\t<\/mml:msubsup>\n      <\/mml:math>\n    <\/jats:inline-formula>, <jats:inline-formula>\n      <mml:math xmlns:mml=\"http:\/\/www.w3.org\/1998\/Math\/MathML\" display=\"inline\">\n\t<mml:msubsup>\n\t  <mml:mrow class=\"MJX-TeXAtom-ORD\">\n\t    <mml:mtext>LP<\/mml:mtext>\n\t  <\/mml:mrow>\n\t  <mml:mrow class=\"MJX-TeXAtom-ORD\">\n\t    <mml:mn>11<\/mml:mn>\n\t    <mml:mi>a<\/mml:mi>\n\t  <\/mml:mrow>\n\t  <mml:mrow class=\"MJX-TeXAtom-ORD\">\n\t    <mml:mi>x<\/mml:mi>\n\t    <mml:mrow class=\"MJX-TeXAtom-ORD\">\n\t      <mml:mo>\/<\/mml:mo>\n\t    <\/mml:mrow>\n\t    <mml:mi>y<\/mml:mi>\n\t  <\/mml:mrow>\n\t<\/mml:msubsup>\n      <\/mml:math>\n    <\/jats:inline-formula>, <jats:inline-formula>\n      <mml:math xmlns:mml=\"http:\/\/www.w3.org\/1998\/Math\/MathML\" display=\"inline\">\n\t<mml:msubsup>\n\t  <mml:mrow class=\"MJX-TeXAtom-ORD\">\n\t    <mml:mtext>LP<\/mml:mtext>\n\t  <\/mml:mrow>\n\t  <mml:mrow class=\"MJX-TeXAtom-ORD\">\n\t    <mml:mn>11<\/mml:mn>\n\t    <mml:mrow class=\"MJX-TeXAtom-ORD\">\n\t      <mml:mtext>b<\/mml:mtext>\n\t    <\/mml:mrow>\n\t  <\/mml:mrow>\n\t  <mml:mrow class=\"MJX-TeXAtom-ORD\">\n\t    <mml:mi>x<\/mml:mi>\n\t    <mml:mrow class=\"MJX-TeXAtom-ORD\">\n\t      <mml:mo>\/<\/mml:mo>\n\t    <\/mml:mrow>\n\t    <mml:mi>y<\/mml:mi>\n\t  <\/mml:mrow>\n\t<\/mml:msubsup>\n      <\/mml:math>\n    <\/jats:inline-formula>) in few-mode fiber are firstly coupled into the integrated waveguide with low insertion loss, then the input modes are converted to the desired waveguide modes (TE<jats:sub>0<\/jats:sub>, TE<jats:sub>1<\/jats:sub>, TE<jats:sub>2<\/jats:sub>, TM<jats:sub>0<\/jats:sub>, TM<jats:sub>1<\/jats:sub>, TM<jats:sub>2<\/jats:sub>) with low mode crosstalk relying on the mode evolution principle. The obtained results show that the coupling efficiency is higher than 87%, while for the mode conversion process, the efficiency is higher than 99% and the mode crosstalk is lower than \u221225 dB. The favorable performance achieved may open new perspectives for diverse mode-division multiplexing applications, enabling efficient capacity scaling in fiber-chip-fiber optical interconnects and optical communication systems.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.1364\/oe.457549","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2022,5,25]],"date-time":"2022-05-25T09:00:09Z","timestamp":1653469209000},"page":"22637","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1364\/crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":20,"title":["Efficient mode coupling between a few-mode fiber and multi-mode photonic chip with low crosstalk"],"prefix":"10.1364","volume":"30","author":[{"given":"Xiaoping","family":"Cao","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Huazhong University of Science and Technology"},{"name":"Optics Valley Laboratory"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Kang","family":"Li","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Huazhong University of Science and Technology"},{"name":"Optics Valley Laboratory"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Yuanjian","family":"Wan","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Huazhong University of Science and Technology"},{"name":"Optics Valley Laboratory"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-0579-3041","authenticated-orcid":true,"given":"Jian","family":"Wang","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Huazhong University of Science and Technology"},{"name":"Optics Valley Laboratory"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"285","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2022,6,7]]},"reference":[{"key":"oe-30-13-22637-R1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"4697","DOI":"10.1109\/JLT.2006.885772","volume":"24","author":"Desurvire","year":"2006","journal-title":"J. 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