{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,3,21]],"date-time":"2026-03-21T11:46:24Z","timestamp":1774093584094,"version":"3.50.1"},"reference-count":55,"publisher":"Optica Publishing Group","issue":"4","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2023,2,8]],"date-time":"2023-02-08T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1675814400000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1364\/OA_License_v2#VOR-OA"},{"start":{"date-parts":[[2023,2,8]],"date-time":"2023-02-08T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1675814400000},"content-version":"tdm","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/opg.optica.org\/policies\/opg-tdm-policy.json"}],"funder":[{"DOI":"10.13039\/501100001659","name":"Deutsche Forschungsgemeinschaft","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","id":[{"id":"10.13039\/501100001659","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]}],"content-domain":{"domain":["opg.optica.org"],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["Opt. Express"],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2023,2,13]]},"abstract":"<jats:p>\n                    Photonic crystal slabs (PCS) are a promising platform for optical biosensing. Yet, flexible applications based on PCS for biosensing have been limited, as the mechanical properties influence the optical ones. Here, we show the suppression of the mechanochromism effect for flexible PCS. We obtained flexible photonic crystal slabs by sputtering of a dielectric 100\u2005nm Nb\n                    <jats:sub>2<\/jats:sub>\n                    O\n                    <jats:sub>5<\/jats:sub>\n                    high refractive index layer onto a flexible nanostructured polydimethylsiloxane (PDMS) substrate with 370\u2005nm grating period. The PCS exhibit a guided mode resonance at around 650\u2005nm. We demonstrate that these flexible photonic crystal slabs show less than 0.5\u2005nm resonance shift for 4% strain and call them stabilized PCS (sPCS). We compare this to a resonance shift of \u223c21\u2005nm for \u223c4% strain of a flexible photonic crystal with a flexible nanoparticle high index layer (mechanochromatic PCS, mPCS). This high resonance shift is expected from the Bragg equations, where 4% grating period change correspond to approximately 4% change of the resonance wavelength (i.e., \u223c26\u2005nm at a resonance wavelength of 650\u2005nm), if changes in the mode effective refractive index are neglected. In a stretch series we obtain color-to-strain dependencies of 4.79\u2005nm\/% strain for mPCS and 0.11\u2005nm\/% strain for our stabilized sPCS. We analyze the suppression of the mechanochromism with detailed microscopy results. We observe that fissures and fractures form in the rigid waveguiding layer of the sPCS upon mechanical stress. An algorithm based on Holistically-Nested Edge Detection (HED) is used for automated counting of cracks. Rigid photonic crystal cells with sizes on the order of 10 \u00b5m to 100 \u00b5m are formed that explain the stable optical properties. Even more stable optical properties with less than 0.03\u2005nm wavelength shift per 1% strain are demonstrated for sPCS with an additional dielectric 100\u2005nm SiO\n                    <jats:sub>2<\/jats:sub>\n                    low index layer beneath the Nb\n                    <jats:sub>2<\/jats:sub>\n                    O\n                    <jats:sub>5<\/jats:sub>\n                    waveguide layer decoupling the waveguide further from the flexible PDMS substrate.\n                  <\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.1364\/oe.477189","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2023,1,23]],"date-time":"2023-01-23T03:00:14Z","timestamp":1674442814000},"page":"6281","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1364\/crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":6,"title":["Suppressing the mechanochromism of flexible photonic crystals"],"prefix":"10.1364","volume":"31","author":[{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0001-5340-1842","authenticated-orcid":true,"given":"Fabio A.","family":"Kraft","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Kiel University"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Katharina","family":"Harwardt","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Kiel University"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Jan","family":"Schardt","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Kiel University"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Dirk","family":"Nowotka","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Kiel University"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-4234-7833","authenticated-orcid":true,"given":"Martina","family":"Gerken","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Kiel University"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]}],"member":"285","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2023,2,8]]},"reference":[{"key":"oe-31-4-6281-R1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1960","DOI":"10.1021\/acsnano.0c06688","volume":"15","author":"Li","year":"2021","journal-title":"ACS Nano"},{"key":"oe-31-4-6281-R2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1","DOI":"10.1146\/annurev-anchem-061318-114910","volume":"12","author":"Bandodkar","year":"2019","journal-title":"Annu. 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