{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,3,23]],"date-time":"2026-03-23T23:46:20Z","timestamp":1774309580188,"version":"3.50.1"},"reference-count":44,"publisher":"Optica Publishing Group","issue":"5","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2023,2,17]],"date-time":"2023-02-17T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1676592000000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1364\/OA_License_v2#VOR-OA"},{"start":{"date-parts":[[2023,2,17]],"date-time":"2023-02-17T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1676592000000},"content-version":"tdm","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/opg.optica.org\/policies\/opg-tdm-policy.json"}],"funder":[{"DOI":"10.13039\/501100001809","name":"National Natural Science Foundation of China","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","award":["11974101"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["11974101"]}],"id":[{"id":"10.13039\/501100001809","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]},{"DOI":"10.13039\/501100001809","name":"National Natural Science Foundation of China","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","award":["11974102"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["11974102"]}],"id":[{"id":"10.13039\/501100001809","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]}],"content-domain":{"domain":["opg.optica.org"],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["Opt. Express"],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2023,2,27]]},"abstract":"<jats:p>In this paper, we propose a novel (to our knowledge) vector beam by combining the radially polarized beams with the different polarization orders, which is called the grafted polarization vector beam (GPVB). Compared with the tight focusing of traditional cylindrical vector beams, GPVB can present more flexible focal field patterns by adjusting the polarization order of two (or more) grafted parts. Moreover, because the GPVB possesses the non-axisymmetrical polarization state distribution, which will lead to the spin-orbit coupling in its tight focusing, it can obtain the spatial separation of spin angular momentum (SAM) and orbital angular momentum (OAM) in the focal plane. The SAM and the OAM are well modulated by adjusting the polarization order of two (or more) grafted parts. Furthermore, we also find the on-axis energy flow in the tight focusing of the GPVB can be changed from positive to negative by adjusting its polarization order. Our results provide more modulation freedom and potential applications in optical tweezers and particles trapping.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.1364\/oe.482303","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2023,2,3]],"date-time":"2023-02-03T21:00:06Z","timestamp":1675458006000},"page":"8120","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1364\/crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":10,"title":["Shaping focal field by grafted polarization"],"prefix":"10.1364","volume":"31","author":[{"given":"Chenghao","family":"Ma","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Henan University of Science and Technology"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Tiegen","family":"Song","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Henan University of Science and Technology"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Ruixiang","family":"Chen","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Henan University of Science and Technology"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0003-2347-1393","authenticated-orcid":true,"given":"Hehe","family":"Li","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Henan University of Science and Technology"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-6426-4043","authenticated-orcid":true,"given":"Xinzhong","family":"Li","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Henan University of Science and Technology"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]}],"member":"285","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2023,2,17]]},"reference":[{"key":"oe-31-5-8120-R1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"030407","DOI":"10.1103\/PhysRevLett.105.030407","volume":"105","author":"Barreiro","year":"2010","journal-title":"Phys. Rev. Lett."},{"key":"oe-31-5-8120-R2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"060502","DOI":"10.1038\/ncomms8706","volume":"6","author":"Parigi","year":"2011","journal-title":"Nat. Commun."},{"key":"oe-31-5-8120-R3","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"013903","DOI":"10.1103\/PhysRevLett.90.013903","volume":"90","author":"Bouhelier","year":"2003","journal-title":"Phys. Rev. Lett."},{"key":"oe-31-5-8120-R4","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"073902","DOI":"10.1103\/PhysRevLett.94.073902","volume":"94","author":"Ciattoni","year":"2005","journal-title":"Phys. Rev. Lett."},{"key":"oe-31-5-8120-R5","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1007","DOI":"10.1038\/srep01007","volume":"2","author":"Li","year":"2012","journal-title":"Sci. Rep."},{"key":"oe-31-5-8120-R6","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"3166","DOI":"10.1364\/OL.34.003166","volume":"34","author":"Sato","year":"2009","journal-title":"Opt. Lett."},{"key":"oe-31-5-8120-R7","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"253602","DOI":"10.1103\/PhysRevLett.105.253602","volume":"105","author":"Wang","year":"2010","journal-title":"Phys. Rev. Lett."},{"key":"oe-31-5-8120-R8","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"3377","DOI":"10.1364\/OPEX.12.003377","volume":"12","author":"Zhan","year":"2004","journal-title":"Opt. Express"},{"key":"oe-31-5-8120-R9","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"5677","DOI":"10.1364\/OL.43.005677","volume":"43","author":"Yu","year":"2018","journal-title":"Opt. Lett."},{"key":"oe-31-5-8120-R10","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"23449","DOI":"10.1364\/OE.26.023449","volume":"26","author":"Shi","year":"2018","journal-title":"Opt. Express"},{"key":"oe-31-5-8120-R11","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1","DOI":"10.1364\/AOP.1.000001","volume":"1","author":"Zhan","year":"2009","journal-title":"Adv. Opt. Photonics"},{"key":"oe-31-5-8120-R12","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"186","DOI":"10.1016\/j.optlastec.2009.06.008","volume":"42","author":"Pu","year":"2010","journal-title":"Opt. Laser Technol."},{"key":"oe-31-5-8120-R13","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"40195","DOI":"10.1038\/srep40195","volume":"7","author":"D\u2019Errico","year":"2017","journal-title":"Sci. Rep."},{"key":"oe-31-5-8120-R14","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"4112","DOI":"10.1364\/OL.398209","volume":"45","author":"Khonina","year":"2020","journal-title":"Opt. Lett."},{"key":"oe-31-5-8120-R15","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"15","DOI":"10.1364\/PRJ.5.000015","volume":"5","author":"Liu","year":"2017","journal-title":"Photonics Res."},{"key":"oe-31-5-8120-R16","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"073901","DOI":"10.1103\/PhysRevLett.99.073901","volume":"99","author":"Zhao","year":"2007","journal-title":"Phys. Rev. Lett."},{"key":"oe-31-5-8120-R17","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"053843","DOI":"10.1103\/PhysRevA.97.053843","volume":"97","author":"Li","year":"2018","journal-title":"Phys. Rev. A"},{"key":"oe-31-5-8120-R18","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"096102","DOI":"10.1063\/1.5117269","volume":"4","author":"Pan","year":"2019","journal-title":"APL Photonics"},{"key":"oe-31-5-8120-R19","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"697","DOI":"10.1515\/nanoph-2021-0418","volume":"11","author":"Khonina","year":"2022","journal-title":"Nanophotonics"},{"key":"oe-31-5-8120-R20","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"043823","DOI":"10.1103\/PhysRevA.98.043823","volume":"98","author":"Khonina","year":"2018","journal-title":"Phys. Rev. A"},{"key":"oe-31-5-8120-R21","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"18607","DOI":"10.1364\/OE.391398","volume":"28","author":"Li","year":"2020","journal-title":"Opt. Express"},{"key":"oe-31-5-8120-R22","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"121","DOI":"10.3390\/photonics9020121","volume":"9","author":"Khonina","year":"2022","journal-title":"Photonics"},{"key":"oe-31-5-8120-R23","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"39419","DOI":"10.1364\/OE.443271","volume":"29","author":"Li","year":"2021","journal-title":"Opt. Express"},{"key":"oe-31-5-8120-R24","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"343","DOI":"10.1038\/nphoton.2011.81","volume":"5","author":"Padgett","year":"2011","journal-title":"Nat. Photonics"},{"key":"oe-31-5-8120-R25","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"4823","DOI":"10.1364\/OL.401951","volume":"45","author":"Ma","year":"2020","journal-title":"Opt. Lett."},{"key":"oe-31-5-8120-R26","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"053601","DOI":"10.1103\/PhysRevLett.88.053601","volume":"88","author":"O\u2019Neil","year":"2002","journal-title":"Phys. Rev. Lett."},{"key":"oe-31-5-8120-R27","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"848","DOI":"10.1364\/OL.30.000848","volume":"30","author":"Zhao","year":"2005","journal-title":"Opt. Lett."},{"key":"oe-31-5-8120-R28","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"32475","DOI":"10.1364\/OE.25.032475","volume":"25","author":"Ping","year":"2017","journal-title":"Opt. Express"},{"key":"oe-31-5-8120-R29","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"3421","DOI":"10.1016\/j.optcom.2009.05.045","volume":"282","author":"Wang","year":"2009","journal-title":"Opt. Commun."},{"key":"oe-31-5-8120-R30","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"022008","DOI":"10.1088\/1742-6596\/1368\/2\/022008","volume":"1368","author":"Khonina","year":"2019","journal-title":"J. Phys.: Conf. Ser."},{"key":"oe-31-5-8120-R31","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"22930","DOI":"10.1364\/OE.27.022930","volume":"27","author":"Zhang","year":"2019","journal-title":"Opt. Express"},{"key":"oe-31-5-8120-R32","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"107524","DOI":"10.1016\/j.optlastec.2021.107524","volume":"145","author":"Long","year":"2022","journal-title":"Opt. Laser Technol."},{"key":"oe-31-5-8120-R33","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"2000575","DOI":"10.1002\/andp.202000575","volume":"533","author":"Fan","year":"2021","journal-title":"Ann. Phys."},{"key":"oe-31-5-8120-R34","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"4318","DOI":"10.1364\/OE.26.004318","volume":"26","author":"Zhang","year":"2018","journal-title":"Opt. Express"},{"key":"oe-31-5-8120-R35","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"182","DOI":"10.1007\/s00340-022-07902-y","volume":"128","author":"Ma","year":"2022","journal-title":"Appl. Phys. B"},{"key":"oe-31-5-8120-R36","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"14705","DOI":"10.1364\/OE.423357","volume":"29","author":"Gu","year":"2021","journal-title":"Opt. Express"},{"key":"oe-31-5-8120-R37","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"128548","DOI":"10.1016\/j.optcom.2022.128548","volume":"520","author":"Ma","year":"2022","journal-title":"Opt. Commun."},{"key":"oe-31-5-8120-R38","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"358","DOI":"10.1098\/rspa.1959.0200","volume":"253","author":"Richards","year":"1959","journal-title":"Proc. R. Soc. London"},{"key":"oe-31-5-8120-R39","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"77","DOI":"10.1364\/OE.7.000077","volume":"7","author":"Youngworth","year":"2000","journal-title":"Opt. Express"},{"key":"oe-31-5-8120-R40","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"S7","DOI":"10.1088\/1464-4266\/4\/2\/361","volume":"4","author":"Barnett","year":"2002","journal-title":"J. Opt. B: Quantum Semiclassical Opt."},{"key":"oe-31-5-8120-R41","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1468","DOI":"10.1364\/OL.32.001468","volume":"32","author":"Machavariani","year":"2007","journal-title":"Opt. Lett."},{"key":"oe-31-5-8120-R42","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"105001","DOI":"10.1088\/1054-660X\/23\/10\/105001","volume":"23","author":"Man","year":"2013","journal-title":"Laser Phys."},{"key":"oe-31-5-8120-R43","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"14320","DOI":"10.1038\/s41598-018-32469-0","volume":"8","author":"Khonina","year":"2018","journal-title":"Sci. Rep."},{"key":"oe-31-5-8120-R44","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"27628","DOI":"10.1364\/OE.398435","volume":"28","author":"Khonina","year":"2020","journal-title":"Opt. Express"}],"container-title":["Optics Express"],"original-title":[],"language":"en","link":[{"URL":"https:\/\/opg.optica.org\/viewmedia.cfm?URI=oe-31-5-8120&seq=0","content-type":"unspecified","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"similarity-checking"}],"deposited":{"date-parts":[[2024,8,6]],"date-time":"2024-08-06T19:30:28Z","timestamp":1722972628000},"score":1,"resource":{"primary":{"URL":"https:\/\/opg.optica.org\/abstract.cfm?URI=oe-31-5-8120"}},"subtitle":[],"short-title":[],"issued":{"date-parts":[[2023,2,17]]},"references-count":44,"journal-issue":{"issue":"5","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2023]]},"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2023]]}},"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1364\/oe.482303","relation":{},"ISSN":["1094-4087"],"issn-type":[{"value":"1094-4087","type":"electronic"}],"subject":[],"published":{"date-parts":[[2023,2,17]]},"assertion":[{"value":"Optica Publishing Group","name":"publisher","label":"This article is maintained by"},{"value":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1364\/OE.482303","name":"articlelink","label":"Crossref DOI link to publisher maintained version"},{"value":"research-article","name":"content_type","label":"Article type"},{"value":"Screened by Similarity Check","name":"cross_check","label":"Similarity check"},{"value":"Yes","order":0,"name":"peer_reviewed","label":"Peer reviewed","group":{"name":"peer_review","label":"Peer review"}},{"value":"Single blind","order":1,"name":"review_process","label":"Review process","group":{"name":"peer_review","label":"Peer review"}},{"value":"5 December 2022","order":0,"name":"received","label":"Received","group":{"name":"publication_history","label":"Publication History"}},{"value":"2 February 2023","order":1,"name":"accepted","label":"Accepted","group":{"name":"publication_history","label":"Publication History"}},{"value":"17 February 2023","order":2,"name":"published","label":"Published","group":{"name":"publication_history","label":"Publication History"}},{"value":"\u00a9 2023 Optica Publishing Group under the terms of the Optica Open Access Publishing Agreement","name":"copyright","label":"Copyright"}]}}