{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,7,30]],"date-time":"2026-07-30T18:04:57Z","timestamp":1785434697487,"version":"3.56.0"},"reference-count":31,"publisher":"Optica Publishing Group","issue":"20","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2023,9,14]],"date-time":"2023-09-14T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1694649600000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1364\/OA_License_v2#VOR-OA"},{"start":{"date-parts":[[2023,9,14]],"date-time":"2023-09-14T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1694649600000},"content-version":"tdm","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/opg.optica.org\/policies\/opg-tdm-policy.json"}],"funder":[{"DOI":"10.13039\/501100003725","name":"National Research Foundation of Korea","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","award":["2021R1A2C2012697"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["2021R1A2C2012697"]}],"id":[{"id":"10.13039\/501100003725","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]},{"DOI":"10.13039\/501100003725","name":"National Research Foundation of Korea","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","award":["2021R1A4A1032023"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["2021R1A4A1032023"]}],"id":[{"id":"10.13039\/501100003725","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]},{"DOI":"10.13039\/100000181","name":"Air Force Office of Scientific Research","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","award":["FA2386-20-1-4054"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["FA2386-20-1-4054"]}],"id":[{"id":"10.13039\/100000181","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]},{"DOI":"10.13039\/501100005073","name":"Agency for Defense Development","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","award":["UD210034SD"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["UD210034SD"]}],"id":[{"id":"10.13039\/501100005073","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]}],"content-domain":{"domain":["opg.optica.org"],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["Opt. Express"],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2023,9,25]]},"abstract":"<jats:p>\n                    Molecular oxygen (O\n                    <jats:sub>2<\/jats:sub>\n                    ) concentration is measured by employing nanosecond laser-induced plasmas (ns-LIP) over a broad temperature spectrum ranging from 300\u2005K to 1000\u2005K, in the presence of an additional oxygen-containing molecule, CO\n                    <jats:sub>2<\/jats:sub>\n                    . Typically, emission spectra emanating from ns-LIP are devoid of molecular information, as the ns-LIP causes the dissociation of molecular species within the plasma. However, atomic oxygen absorption lines that momentarily appear at 777\u2005nm in the broadband emission from the early-stage plasma are determined to be highly sensitive to the O\n                    <jats:sub>2<\/jats:sub>\n                    mole fraction but negligibly affected by the CO\n                    <jats:sub>2<\/jats:sub>\n                    mole fraction. The atomic O absorbing the plasma emission originates from the O\n                    <jats:sub>2<\/jats:sub>\n                    adjacent to the plasma: robust UV radiation from the early-stage plasma selectively dissociates adjacent O\n                    <jats:sub>2<\/jats:sub>\n                    , exhibiting a relatively low photodissociation threshold, thus generating the specific meta-stable oxygen capable of absorbing photons at 777\u2005nm. A theoretical model is introduced, explicating the formation of the meta-stable O atom from adjacent O\n                    <jats:sub>2<\/jats:sub>\n                    . To sustain the UV radiation from the plasma under high-temperature and low-density ambient conditions, a preceding breakdown is triggered by a split laser pulse (532\u2005nm). This breakdown acts as a precursor, seeding electrons to intensify the inverse-Bremsstrahlung photon absorption of the subsequent laser pulse (1064\u2005nm). Techniques such as proper orthogonal decomposition (POD) and support vector regression (SVR) are employed to precisely evaluate the O\n                    <jats:sub>2<\/jats:sub>\n                    mole fraction (&lt;1% uncertainty), by analyzing the short-lived (&lt;10\u2005ns) O\n                    <jats:sub>2<\/jats:sub>\n                    -indicator depicted in the early-stage plasma.\n                  <\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.1364\/oe.499782","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2023,9,7]],"date-time":"2023-09-07T04:00:32Z","timestamp":1694059232000},"page":"32504","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1364\/crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":5,"title":["Detection of molecular oxygen using nanosecond-laser-induced plasma"],"prefix":"10.1364","volume":"31","author":[{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-3022-2478","authenticated-orcid":true,"given":"Seon Woong","family":"Kim","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"id":[{"id":"https:\/\/ror.org\/04h9pn542","id-type":"ROR","asserted-by":"publisher"}]}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Jongwun","family":"Choi","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"id":[{"id":"https:\/\/ror.org\/04h9pn542","id-type":"ROR","asserted-by":"publisher"}]}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Hosung","family":"Byun","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"id":[{"id":"https:\/\/ror.org\/04h9pn542","id-type":"ROR","asserted-by":"publisher"}]}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Taekeun","family":"Yoon","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"id":[{"id":"https:\/\/ror.org\/04h9pn542","id-type":"ROR","asserted-by":"publisher"}]}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Campbell D.","family":"Carter","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Air Force Research Laboratory"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Hyungrok","family":"Do","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"id":[{"id":"https:\/\/ror.org\/04h9pn542","id-type":"ROR","asserted-by":"publisher"}]}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"285","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2023,9,14]]},"reference":[{"key":"oe-31-20-32504-R2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"877","DOI":"10.1016\/j.optlaseng.2012.01.004","volume":"50","author":"Zhang","year":"2012","journal-title":"Opt. 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