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Express"],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2024,2,12]]},"abstract":"<jats:p>It is well known that photoacoustic tomography (PAT) can circumvent the photon                     scattering problem in optical imaging and achieve high-contrast and                     high-resolution imaging at centimeter depths. However, after two                     decades of development, the long-standing question of the imaging                     depth limit of PAT in biological tissues remains unclear. Here we                     propose a numerical framework for evaluating the imaging depth limit                     of PAT in the visible and the first near-infrared windows. The                     established framework simulates the physical process of PAT and                     consists of seven modules, including tissue modelling, photon                     transportation, photon to ultrasound conversion, sound field                     propagation, signal reception, image reconstruction, and imaging depth                     evaluation. The framework can simulate the imaging depth limits in                     general tissues, such as the human breast, the human abdomen-liver                     tissues, and the rodent whole body and provide accurate evaluation                     results. The study elucidates the fundamental imaging depth limit of                     PAT in biological tissues and can provide useful guidance for                     practical experiments.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.1364\/oe.513538","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2024,1,22]],"date-time":"2024-01-22T08:00:05Z","timestamp":1705910405000},"page":"5460","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1364\/crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":15,"title":["On the imaging depth limit of photoacoustic tomography in the visible and first near-infrared windows"],"prefix":"10.1364","volume":"32","author":[{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-8921-0658","authenticated-orcid":true,"given":"Songde","family":"Liu","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"id":[{"id":"https:\/\/ror.org\/04c4dkn09","id-type":"ROR","asserted-by":"publisher"}]},{"name":"University of Science and Technology of China"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0001-6777-4914","authenticated-orcid":true,"given":"Tong","family":"Wang","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"University of Science and Technology of China"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Xinye","family":"Zheng","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"University of Science and Technology of China"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Yunhao","family":"Zhu","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Institute of Artificial Intelligence"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0003-4971-770X","authenticated-orcid":true,"given":"Chao","family":"Tian","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"id":[{"id":"https:\/\/ror.org\/04c4dkn09","id-type":"ROR","asserted-by":"publisher"}]},{"name":"University of Science and Technology of China"},{"name":"Institute of Artificial Intelligence"},{"name":"Anhui Province Key Laboratory of Biomedical Imaging and Intelligent Processing"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"285","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2024,1,31]]},"reference":[{"key":"oe-32-4-5460-R1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1458","DOI":"10.1126\/science.1216210","volume":"335","author":"Wang","year":"2012","journal-title":"Science"},{"key":"oe-32-4-5460-R2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"15947","DOI":"10.1364\/OE.25.015947","volume":"25","author":"Tian","year":"2017","journal-title":"Opt. 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