{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,7,30]],"date-time":"2026-07-30T17:26:48Z","timestamp":1785432408526,"version":"3.56.0"},"reference-count":32,"publisher":"Optica Publishing Group","issue":"12","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2024,5,20]],"date-time":"2024-05-20T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1716163200000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1364\/OA_License_v2#VOR-OA"},{"start":{"date-parts":[[2024,5,20]],"date-time":"2024-05-20T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1716163200000},"content-version":"tdm","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/opg.optica.org\/policies\/opg-tdm-policy.json"}],"funder":[{"name":"Strategic Priority Research Program of the Chinese Academy of Sciences","award":["No. XDA25020303"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["No. XDA25020303"]}]}],"content-domain":{"domain":["opg.optica.org"],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["Opt. Express"],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2024,6,3]]},"abstract":"<jats:p>In studying the interaction of multiple ultrashort pulses with matter, high requirements are put forward for spatiotemporal synchronization accuracy. Limited by the response time and bandwidth of existing devices, the synchronization of multiple ultrashort pulses still faces significant difficulties. By observing the transient phenomena of the optical Kerr effect, high-precision, three-dimensional (x, y, t) synchronization of ultrashort pulses at different angles was achieved. In the optical Kerr effect, the polarization state of the signal pulse changes only when it coincides with the pump pulse, at which point the signal pulse passes through the analyzer. The changes in the intensity and phase of the signal pulse is positively correlated with the degree of spatiotemporal coincidence. In this study, 10-ps pulses were used in the experiments. By observing the intensity and phase distribution of the signal pulses, a time synchronization accuracy between two pulses of less than 1 ps and spatial synchronization accuracy of \u00b1125 \u00b5m and \u00b13 \u00b5m in the x and y directions, respectively, were achieved. Moreover, the synchronization of two pulses at an angle of 90 \u00b0 was measured, further proving that the method can achieve the spatiotemporal synchronization of pulses with large angles. Therefore, this method has important application prospects in the study of multi-beam interactions with matter and other ultrafast physical phenomena.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.1364\/oe.523156","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2024,5,7]],"date-time":"2024-05-07T04:00:10Z","timestamp":1715054410000},"page":"20551","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1364\/crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":3,"title":["High-precision spatiotemporal three-dimensional ultrashort pulse synchronization with optical Kerr effect"],"prefix":"10.1364","volume":"32","author":[{"given":"Tianyu","family":"Zhang","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"id":[{"id":"https:\/\/ror.org\/03g897070","id-type":"ROR","asserted-by":"publisher"}]},{"name":"University of the Chinese Academy of Sciences"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Yingming","family":"Xu","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"id":[{"id":"https:\/\/ror.org\/03g897070","id-type":"ROR","asserted-by":"publisher"}]},{"name":"University of the Chinese Academy of Sciences"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Wenfeng","family":"Liu","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"id":[{"id":"https:\/\/ror.org\/03g897070","id-type":"ROR","asserted-by":"publisher"}]},{"name":"University of the Chinese Academy of Sciences"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-1836-3403","authenticated-orcid":true,"given":"Wei","family":"Fan","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"id":[{"id":"https:\/\/ror.org\/03g897070","id-type":"ROR","asserted-by":"publisher"}]},{"name":"University of the Chinese Academy of Sciences"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Cheng","family":"Liu","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"id":[{"id":"https:\/\/ror.org\/03g897070","id-type":"ROR","asserted-by":"publisher"}]},{"name":"University of the Chinese Academy of Sciences"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-7857-6179","authenticated-orcid":true,"given":"Mingying","family":"Sun","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"id":[{"id":"https:\/\/ror.org\/03g897070","id-type":"ROR","asserted-by":"publisher"}]}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Jianqiang","family":"Zhu","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"id":[{"id":"https:\/\/ror.org\/03g897070","id-type":"ROR","asserted-by":"publisher"}]},{"name":"University of the Chinese Academy of Sciences"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"285","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2024,5,20]]},"reference":[{"key":"oe-32-12-20551-R1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"70","DOI":"10.1017\/hpl.2023.13","volume":"11","author":"Atzeni","year":"2023","journal-title":"High Power Laser Sci. Eng."},{"key":"oe-32-12-20551-R2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"435","DOI":"10.1038\/nphys3736","volume":"12","author":"Betti","year":"2016","journal-title":"Nat. Phys."},{"key":"oe-32-12-20551-R3","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"77","DOI":"10.1017\/hpl.2023.38","volume":"11","author":"Danson","year":"2023","journal-title":"High Power Laser Sci. Eng."},{"key":"oe-32-12-20551-R4","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"12","DOI":"10.1017\/hpl.2021.35","volume":"9","author":"Takabe","year":"2021","journal-title":"High Power Laser Sci. Eng."},{"key":"oe-32-12-20551-R5","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"46","DOI":"10.1017\/hpl.2022.38","volume":"10","author":"Adams","year":"2022","journal-title":"High Power Laser Sci. Eng."},{"key":"oe-32-12-20551-R6","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"202","DOI":"10.3788\/CJL201643.0208003","volume":"43","author":"Zhang","year":"2016","journal-title":"Chin. J. Lasers"},{"key":"oe-32-12-20551-R7","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"934503","DOI":"10.1117\/12.2079812","volume":"9345","author":"Vivini","year":"2015","journal-title":"Proc. SPIE"},{"key":"oe-32-12-20551-R8","first-page":"265","volume":"38","author":"Shi","year":"2016","journal-title":"J. Syst. Eng. Electron."},{"key":"oe-32-12-20551-R9","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"2215","DOI":"10.1109\/LPT.2016.2591319","volume":"28","author":"Cui","year":"2016","journal-title":"IEEE Photonics Technol. Lett."},{"key":"oe-32-12-20551-R10","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"041715","DOI":"10.1063\/1.4922747","volume":"2","author":"\u015eafak","year":"2015","journal-title":"Struct. Dyn."},{"key":"oe-32-12-20551-R11","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"35498","DOI":"10.1364\/OE.405430","volume":"28","author":"Liu","year":"2020","journal-title":"Opt. Express"},{"key":"oe-32-12-20551-R12","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"376","DOI":"10.1117\/12.23366","volume":"1346","author":"Lerche","year":"1991","journal-title":"Proc. SPIE"},{"key":"oe-32-12-20551-R14","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"749","DOI":"10.1007\/s003400050698","volume":"68","author":"Schneider","year":"1999","journal-title":"Appl. Phys. B."},{"key":"oe-32-12-20551-R15","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"124045","DOI":"10.1088\/0741-3335\/50\/12\/124045","volume":"50","author":"Blanchot","year":"2008","journal-title":"Plasma Phys. Control. Fusion"},{"key":"oe-32-12-20551-R16","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"085001","DOI":"10.1088\/1555-6611\/aa7713","volume":"27","author":"Li","year":"2017","journal-title":"Laser Phys."},{"key":"oe-32-12-20551-R17","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"234","DOI":"10.1364\/OL.41.000234","volume":"41","author":"Mu","year":"2016","journal-title":"Opt. Lett."},{"key":"oe-32-12-20551-R18","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"7058","DOI":"10.1364\/OE.22.007058","volume":"22","author":"Mathieu","year":"2014","journal-title":"Opt. Express"},{"key":"oe-32-12-20551-R19","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"043108","DOI":"10.1117\/1.OE.53.4.043108","volume":"53","author":"Tan","year":"2014","journal-title":"Opt. Eng."},{"key":"oe-32-12-20551-R20","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1180","DOI":"10.1016\/j.optlastec.2011.11.009","volume":"44","author":"Rudresha","year":"2012","journal-title":"Opt. Laser Technol."},{"key":"oe-32-12-20551-R21","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"044007","DOI":"10.1088\/2050-6120\/4\/4\/044007","volume":"4","author":"Dmitruk","year":"2016","journal-title":"Methods Appl. Fluoresc."},{"key":"oe-32-12-20551-R22","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"011109","DOI":"10.1063\/1.3279139","volume":"96","author":"Symes","year":"2010","journal-title":"Appl. Phys. Lett."},{"key":"oe-32-12-20551-R23","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"2035","DOI":"10.1364\/OL.425237","volume":"46","author":"Alexandridi","year":"2021","journal-title":"Opt. Lett."},{"key":"oe-32-12-20551-R24","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"126","DOI":"10.1038\/s41377-021-00562-1","volume":"10","author":"Xie","year":"2021","journal-title":"Light: Sci. Appl."},{"key":"oe-32-12-20551-R25","first-page":"237","volume":"35","author":"Gerchberg","year":"1971","journal-title":"Optik"},{"key":"oe-32-12-20551-R26","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"2758","DOI":"10.1364\/AO.21.002758","volume":"21","author":"Fienup","year":"1982","journal-title":"Appl. Opt."},{"key":"oe-32-12-20551-R27","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"096101","DOI":"10.1088\/1361-6633\/aba6f0","volume":"83","author":"Pan","year":"2020","journal-title":"Rep. Prog. Phys."},{"key":"oe-32-12-20551-R28","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"10","DOI":"10.1016\/j.ultramic.2019.05.002","volume":"204","author":"Pan","year":"2019","journal-title":"Ultramicroscopy"},{"key":"oe-32-12-20551-R29","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"023903","DOI":"10.1103\/PhysRevLett.93.023903","volume":"93","author":"Faulkner","year":"2004","journal-title":"Phys. Rev. Lett."},{"key":"oe-32-12-20551-R30","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"13367","DOI":"10.1038\/ncomms13367","volume":"7","author":"Zhang","year":"2016","journal-title":"Nat. Commun."},{"key":"oe-32-12-20551-R31","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"2170","DOI":"10.1103\/PhysRevA.20.2170","volume":"20","author":"Ho","year":"1979","journal-title":"Phys. Rev. A"},{"key":"oe-32-12-20551-R32","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1036","DOI":"10.1103\/PhysRevA.12.1036","volume":"12","author":"Sala","year":"1975","journal-title":"Phys. Rev. A"},{"key":"oe-32-12-20551-R33","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1256","DOI":"10.1016\/j.ultramic.2009.05.012","volume":"109","author":"Maiden","year":"2009","journal-title":"Ultramicroscopy"}],"container-title":["Optics Express"],"original-title":[],"language":"en","link":[{"URL":"https:\/\/opg.optica.org\/viewmedia.cfm?URI=oe-32-12-20551&seq=0","content-type":"unspecified","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"similarity-checking"}],"deposited":{"date-parts":[[2024,8,6]],"date-time":"2024-08-06T15:31:54Z","timestamp":1722958314000},"score":1,"resource":{"primary":{"URL":"https:\/\/opg.optica.org\/abstract.cfm?URI=oe-32-12-20551"}},"subtitle":[],"short-title":[],"issued":{"date-parts":[[2024,5,20]]},"references-count":32,"journal-issue":{"issue":"12","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2024]]},"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2024]]}},"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1364\/oe.523156","relation":{},"ISSN":["1094-4087"],"issn-type":[{"value":"1094-4087","type":"electronic"}],"subject":[],"published":{"date-parts":[[2024,5,20]]},"assertion":[{"value":"Optica Publishing Group","name":"publisher","label":"This article is maintained by"},{"value":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1364\/OE.523156","name":"articlelink","label":"Crossref DOI link to publisher maintained version"},{"value":"research-article","name":"content_type","label":"Article type"},{"value":"Screened by Similarity Check","name":"cross_check","label":"Similarity check"},{"value":"Yes","order":0,"name":"peer_reviewed","label":"Peer reviewed","group":{"name":"peer_review","label":"Peer review"}},{"value":"Single blind","order":1,"name":"review_process","label":"Review process","group":{"name":"peer_review","label":"Peer review"}},{"value":"6 March 2024","order":0,"name":"received","label":"Received","group":{"name":"publication_history","label":"Publication History"}},{"value":"6 May 2024","order":1,"name":"accepted","label":"Accepted","group":{"name":"publication_history","label":"Publication History"}},{"value":"20 May 2024","order":2,"name":"published","label":"Published","group":{"name":"publication_history","label":"Publication History"}},{"value":"\u00a9 2024 Optica Publishing Group under the terms of the Optica Open Access Publishing Agreement","name":"copyright","label":"Copyright"}]}}