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Express"],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2025,2,10]]},"abstract":"<jats:p>Immersion factors of two TriOS RAMSES ARC series radiance sensors were determined using a method adapted from Zibordi, <jats:mixed-citation publication-type=\"journal\"> \"<jats:article-title>Immersion factor of in-water radiance sensors: assessment for a class of radiometers<\/jats:article-title>,\" <jats:source>J. Atmos. Ocean Tech.<\/jats:source>, <jats:volume>23<\/jats:volume>(<jats:issue>2<\/jats:issue>), <jats:fpage>302<\/jats:fpage> (<jats:year>2006<\/jats:year>) <jats:pub-id pub-id-type=\"doi\">10.1175\/JTECH1847.1<\/jats:pub-id><\/jats:mixed-citation> with two different light sources, LED and tungsten-halogen lamps. The immersion factors determined for the two sensors differ from each other by 0.2% and together they differ by an average 0.3% from Zibordi and Darecki <jats:mixed-citation publication-type=\"journal\"> \"<jats:article-title>Immersion factors for the RAMSES series of hyper-spectral underwater radiometers<\/jats:article-title>,\" <jats:source>J. Opt. A: Pure Appl. Opt.<\/jats:source>, <jats:volume>8<\/jats:volume>(<jats:issue>3<\/jats:issue>), <jats:fpage>252<\/jats:fpage> (<jats:year>2006<\/jats:year>) <jats:pub-id pub-id-type=\"doi\">10.1088\/1464-4258\/8\/3\/005<\/jats:pub-id><\/jats:mixed-citation> determination for a radiance sensor of the same class. The results confirm that the immersion factors for RAMSES radiance sensor are constant enough that measurements from a few samples can be used to represent the entire class. An average immersion factor based on the data measured in this study and in Zibordi and Darecki <jats:mixed-citation publication-type=\"journal\"> \"<jats:article-title>Immersion factors for the RAMSES series of hyper-spectral underwater radiometers<\/jats:article-title>,\" <jats:source>J. Opt. A: Pure Appl. Opt.<\/jats:source>, <jats:volume>8<\/jats:volume>(<jats:issue>3<\/jats:issue>), <jats:fpage>252<\/jats:fpage> (<jats:year>2006<\/jats:year>) <jats:pub-id pub-id-type=\"doi\">10.1088\/1464-4258\/8\/3\/005<\/jats:pub-id><\/jats:mixed-citation> is proposed that has a root-mean-square-difference\u2009&lt;\u20090.2% from 400 nm to 900 nm.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.1364\/oe.549931","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2025,1,20]],"date-time":"2025-01-20T08:00:20Z","timestamp":1737360020000},"page":"5923","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1364\/crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":0,"title":["Immersion factor determination for TriOS RAMSES radiance sensors"],"prefix":"10.1364","volume":"33","author":[{"given":"Lucas","family":"Barbedo","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"The University of Southern Mississippi"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Tau","family":"Kennebrew","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Tuskegee University"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-2982-210X","authenticated-orcid":true,"given":"Xiaodong","family":"Zhang","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"The University of Southern Mississippi"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]}],"member":"285","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2025,2,5]]},"reference":[{"key":"oe-33-3-5923-R1","first-page":"17","article-title":"Characterization of oceanographic and atmospheric radiometers","author":"MuellerMueller","year":"2003"},{"key":"oe-33-3-5923-R2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"302","DOI":"10.1175\/JTECH1847.1","volume":"23","author":"Zibordi","year":"2006","journal-title":"J. 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