{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,7,30]],"date-time":"2026-07-30T09:53:47Z","timestamp":1785405227260,"version":"3.56.0"},"reference-count":35,"publisher":"Optica Publishing Group","issue":"19","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2025,9,18]],"date-time":"2025-09-18T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1758153600000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/4.0\/"},{"start":{"date-parts":[[2025,9,18]],"date-time":"2025-09-18T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1758153600000},"content-version":"tdm","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/opg.optica.org\/policies\/opg-tdm-policy.json"}],"funder":[{"DOI":"10.13039\/501100000265","name":"Medical Research Council","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","award":["662915"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["662915"]}],"id":[{"id":"10.13039\/501100000265","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]},{"DOI":"10.13039\/501100000265","name":"Medical Research Council","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","award":["18557"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["18557"]}],"id":[{"id":"10.13039\/501100000265","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]},{"DOI":"10.13039\/501100000265","name":"Medical Research Council","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","award":["MR\/X502753\/1"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["MR\/X502753\/1"]}],"id":[{"id":"10.13039\/501100000265","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]},{"DOI":"10.13039\/501100000780","name":"European Commission","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","award":["860807"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["860807"]}],"id":[{"id":"10.13039\/501100000780","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]},{"DOI":"10.13039\/501100000272","name":"National Institute for Health and Care Research","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","award":["BRC4-05-RB413-302"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["BRC4-05-RB413-302"]}],"id":[{"id":"10.13039\/501100000272","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]},{"DOI":"10.13039\/501100000272","name":"National Institute for Health and Care Research","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","award":["NIHR202879"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["NIHR202879"]}],"id":[{"id":"10.13039\/501100000272","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]},{"DOI":"10.13039\/501100000268","name":"Biotechnology and Biological Sciences Research Council","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","award":["BB\/S016643\/1"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["BB\/S016643\/1"]}],"id":[{"id":"10.13039\/501100000268","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]},{"DOI":"10.13039\/501100000268","name":"Biotechnology and Biological Sciences Research Council","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","award":["BB\/X003744\/1"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["BB\/X003744\/1"]}],"id":[{"id":"10.13039\/501100000268","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]},{"DOI":"10.13039\/501100000268","name":"Biotechnology and Biological Sciences Research Council","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","award":["BB\/X511158\/1"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["BB\/X511158\/1"]}],"id":[{"id":"10.13039\/501100000268","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]},{"DOI":"10.13039\/501100000266","name":"Engineering and Physical Sciences Research Council","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","award":["EP\/X000125\/1"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["EP\/X000125\/1"]}],"id":[{"id":"10.13039\/501100000266","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]}],"content-domain":{"domain":["opg.optica.org"],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["Opt. Express"],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2025,9,22]]},"abstract":"<jats:p>In this study, a comprehensive theoretical model for the multi-harmonic dispersion-tuned mode-locking (DTML) regime for swept-source OCT (SS-OCT) is presented for the first time. The principle of wavelength tuning in this regime is described in detail, along with a derivation of the tuning bandwidth formula and scaling guidelines that predict the trade-offs between the tuning bandwidth and coherence performance. A comparison of the optical fields stored inside a conventional single-harmonic DTML cavity, a multi-harmonic DTML cavity, and an FDML cavity is also presented. As experimental validation of the multi-harmonic concept, OCT images of a finger tip and the retina of a volunteer are captured at a sweep rate close to 1 MHz with a 30 nm tuning bandwidth.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.1364\/oe.569516","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2025,9,9]],"date-time":"2025-09-09T22:00:08Z","timestamp":1757455208000},"page":"40969","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1364\/crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":0,"title":["Comprehensive theoretical model for multi-harmonic dispersion-tuned mode-locking (DTML) for use in swept-source OCT"],"prefix":"10.1364","volume":"33","author":[{"given":"Rene","family":"Riha","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"id":[{"id":"https:\/\/ror.org\/00xkeyj56","id-type":"ROR","asserted-by":"publisher"}]}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0001-5370-7817","authenticated-orcid":true,"given":"Alejandro","family":"Martinez Jimenez","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"id":[{"id":"https:\/\/ror.org\/00xkeyj56","id-type":"ROR","asserted-by":"publisher"}]}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-4899-9656","authenticated-orcid":true,"given":"Adrian","family":"Podoleanu","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"id":[{"id":"https:\/\/ror.org\/00xkeyj56","id-type":"ROR","asserted-by":"publisher"}]}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"285","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2025,9,18]]},"reference":[{"key":"oe-33-19-40969-R1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1178","DOI":"10.1126\/science.1957169","volume":"254","author":"Huang","year":"1991","journal-title":"Science"},{"key":"oe-33-19-40969-R2","author":"Fujimoto","year":"2008"},{"key":"oe-33-19-40969-R3","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"828","DOI":"10.1364\/BOE.8.000828","volume":"8","author":"Klein","year":"2017","journal-title":"Biomed. Opt. Express"},{"key":"oe-33-19-40969-R4","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1277","DOI":"10.1109\/LPT.2022.3212015","volume":"34","author":"Mart\u00ednez Jim\u00e9nez","year":"2022","journal-title":"IEEE Photonics Technol. Lett."},{"key":"oe-33-19-40969-R5","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"6493","DOI":"10.1364\/BOE.504302","volume":"14","author":"Klufts","year":"2023","journal-title":"Biomed. Opt. Express"},{"key":"oe-33-19-40969-R6","first-page":"86210V","article-title":"Polygon mirror scanners in biomedical imaging: a review","volume":"8621","author":"DumaDigonnet","year":"2013"},{"key":"oe-33-19-40969-R7","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"2384","DOI":"10.1364\/BOE.420394","volume":"12","author":"Zhang","year":"2021","journal-title":"Biomed. Opt. Express"},{"key":"oe-33-19-40969-R9","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"2632","DOI":"10.1364\/OE.22.002632","volume":"22","author":"Bonesi","year":"2014","journal-title":"Opt. Express"},{"key":"oe-33-19-40969-R10","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1","DOI":"10.1109\/JPHOT.2025.3534424","volume":"17","author":"Grelet","year":"2025","journal-title":"IEEE Photonics J."},{"key":"oe-33-19-40969-R11","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"9328","DOI":"10.1038\/s41598-020-66322-0","volume":"10","author":"Kim","year":"2020","journal-title":"Sci. Rep."},{"key":"oe-33-19-40969-R12","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"17660","DOI":"10.1038\/s41598-018-36252-z","volume":"8","author":"Lee","year":"2018","journal-title":"Sci. Rep."},{"key":"oe-33-19-40969-R13","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1","DOI":"10.1155\/2009\/572835","volume":"2009","author":"Yamashita","year":"2009","journal-title":"J. Sens."},{"key":"oe-33-19-40969-R14","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"433","DOI":"10.1109\/JSTQE.2014.2312919","volume":"20","author":"Lee","year":"2014","journal-title":"IEEE J. Sel. Top. Quantum Electron."},{"key":"oe-33-19-40969-R15","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1729","DOI":"10.1049\/el.2014.2849","volume":"50","author":"Nagai","year":"2014","journal-title":"Electron. Lett."},{"key":"oe-33-19-40969-R16","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1","DOI":"10.1109\/JPHOT.2024.3417829","volume":"16","author":"Riha","year":"2024","journal-title":"IEEE Photonics J."},{"key":"oe-33-19-40969-R17","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"933","DOI":"10.1109\/LPT.2017.2695083","volume":"29","author":"Toadere","year":"2017","journal-title":"IEEE Photonics Technol. Lett."},{"key":"oe-33-19-40969-R18","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1322","DOI":"10.1364\/OL.40.001322","volume":"40","author":"Stancu","year":"2015","journal-title":"Opt. Lett."},{"key":"oe-33-19-40969-R19","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"4032","DOI":"10.1364\/OL.463675","volume":"47","author":"Riha","year":"2022","journal-title":"Opt. Lett."},{"key":"oe-33-19-40969-R20","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"3225","DOI":"10.1364\/OE.14.003225","volume":"14","author":"Huber","year":"2006","journal-title":"Opt. Express"},{"key":"oe-33-19-40969-R21","first-page":"512","article-title":"An approximative fiber laser cavity dispersion assessment technique using mode-locked wavelength tuning","author":"Riha","year":"2022"},{"key":"oe-33-19-40969-R22","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"2885","DOI":"10.1364\/OE.24.002885","volume":"24","author":"Rivet","year":"2016","journal-title":"Opt. Express"},{"key":"oe-33-19-40969-R23","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"19324","DOI":"10.1364\/OE.21.019324","volume":"21","author":"Podoleanu","year":"2013","journal-title":"Opt. Express"},{"key":"oe-33-19-40969-R24","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"2453","DOI":"10.1364\/BOE.7.002453","volume":"7","author":"Bradu","year":"2016","journal-title":"Biomed. Opt. Express"},{"key":"oe-33-19-40969-R25","author":"Keller","year":"2021"},{"key":"oe-33-19-40969-R26","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"399","DOI":"10.1109\/JSTQE.2014.2304540","volume":"20","author":"Zhang","year":"2014","journal-title":"IEEE J. Sel. Top. Quantum Electron."},{"key":"oe-33-19-40969-R27","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"320","DOI":"10.1007\/s13320-013-0129-0","volume":"3","author":"Yamashita","year":"2013","journal-title":"Photonic Sens."},{"key":"oe-33-19-40969-R28","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"5130","DOI":"10.1364\/OE.21.005130","volume":"21","author":"Takubo","year":"2013","journal-title":"Opt. Express"},{"key":"oe-33-19-40969-R29","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"14586","DOI":"10.1364\/OE.19.014586","volume":"19","author":"Lee","year":"2011","journal-title":"Opt. Express"},{"key":"oe-33-19-40969-R30","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"5327","DOI":"10.1364\/OL.397715","volume":"45","author":"Lee","year":"2020","journal-title":"Opt. Lett."},{"key":"oe-33-19-40969-R31","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"219","DOI":"10.1109\/JLT.2014.2376516","volume":"33","author":"Hasegawa","year":"2015","journal-title":"J. Lightwave Technol."},{"key":"oe-33-19-40969-R32","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"4753","DOI":"10.1364\/OE.20.004753","volume":"20","author":"Takada","year":"2012","journal-title":"Opt. Express"},{"key":"oe-33-19-40969-R33","first-page":"896135","article-title":"Effect of linewidth enhancement factor in actively mode-locked ring laser","volume":"8961","author":"Takada","year":"2014"},{"key":"oe-33-19-40969-R34","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"3513","DOI":"10.1364\/OPEX.13.003513","volume":"13","author":"Huber","year":"2005","journal-title":"Opt. Express"},{"key":"oe-33-19-40969-R35","first-page":"741","article-title":"Fdml (incl. parallelization)","author":"HuberDrexler","year":"2015"},{"key":"oe-33-19-40969-R36","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1522","DOI":"10.1109\/JLT.2011.2136322","volume":"29","author":"Salvestrini","year":"2011","journal-title":"J. Lightwave Technol."}],"container-title":["Optics Express"],"original-title":[],"language":"en","link":[{"URL":"https:\/\/opg.optica.org\/viewmedia.cfm?URI=oe-33-19-40969&seq=0","content-type":"unspecified","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"similarity-checking"}],"deposited":{"date-parts":[[2025,9,18]],"date-time":"2025-09-18T16:51:23Z","timestamp":1758214283000},"score":1,"resource":{"primary":{"URL":"https:\/\/opg.optica.org\/abstract.cfm?URI=oe-33-19-40969"}},"subtitle":[],"short-title":[],"issued":{"date-parts":[[2025,9,18]]},"references-count":35,"journal-issue":{"issue":"19","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2025]]},"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2025]]}},"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1364\/oe.569516","relation":{},"ISSN":["1094-4087"],"issn-type":[{"value":"1094-4087","type":"electronic"}],"subject":[],"published":{"date-parts":[[2025,9,18]]},"assertion":[{"value":"Optica Publishing Group","name":"publisher","label":"This article is maintained by"},{"value":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1364\/OE.569516","name":"articlelink","label":"Crossref DOI link to publisher maintained version"},{"value":"research-article","name":"content_type","label":"Article type"},{"value":"Screened by Similarity Check","name":"cross_check","label":"Similarity check"},{"value":"Yes","order":0,"name":"peer_reviewed","label":"Peer reviewed","group":{"name":"peer_review","label":"Peer review"}},{"value":"Single blind","order":1,"name":"review_process","label":"Review process","group":{"name":"peer_review","label":"Peer review"}},{"value":"6 June 2025","order":0,"name":"received","label":"Received","group":{"name":"publication_history","label":"Publication History"}},{"value":"9 September 2025","order":1,"name":"accepted","label":"Accepted","group":{"name":"publication_history","label":"Publication History"}},{"value":"18 September 2025","order":2,"name":"published","label":"Published","group":{"name":"publication_history","label":"Publication History"}},{"value":"Published by Optica Publishing Group under the terms of the Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 License. Further distribution of this work must maintain attribution to the author(s) and the published article\u2019s title, journal citation, and DOI.","name":"copyright","label":"Copyright"}]}}