{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,7,30]],"date-time":"2026-07-30T18:43:40Z","timestamp":1785437020523,"version":"3.56.0"},"reference-count":33,"publisher":"Optica Publishing Group","issue":"17","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2025,8,13]],"date-time":"2025-08-13T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1755043200000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1364\/OA_License_v2#VOR-OA"},{"start":{"date-parts":[[2025,8,13]],"date-time":"2025-08-13T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1755043200000},"content-version":"tdm","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/opg.optica.org\/policies\/opg-tdm-policy.json"}],"funder":[{"DOI":"10.13039\/501100001809","name":"National Natural Science Foundation of China","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","award":["62327814"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["62327814"]}],"id":[{"id":"10.13039\/501100001809","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]},{"DOI":"10.13039\/501100001809","name":"National Natural Science Foundation of China","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","award":["62175107"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["62175107"]}],"id":[{"id":"10.13039\/501100001809","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]}],"content-domain":{"domain":["opg.optica.org"],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["Opt. Express"],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2025,8,25]]},"abstract":"<jats:p>\n                    A multi-aberration evaluation function is proposed based on the confocal conic mirrors, aiming to search for the optimal starting-point of unobscured four-mirror reflective imagers. Typical aberrations in the off-axis confocal conic system are quantitatively calculated, and the multi-aberration evaluation function is subsequently established to determine the optimal initial structure. Off-axis aberrations such as astigmatism, coma, and field curvature in the initial structure are simultaneously constrained through the proposed evaluation function. An off-axis four-mirror scanning-type space camera is presented as example, where a multi-aberration evaluation function is formulated based on design specifications. Particle swarm optimization algorithm is applied to find the optimal solution, resulting in a confocal conic configuration with excellent on- and off-axis imaging performance. Then, freeform surfaces are further introduced to optimize and expand field of view (FOV). An off-axis four-mirror space camera is realized with an entrance pupil diameter (EPD) of 200 mm, an\n                    <jats:italic toggle=\"yes\">F<\/jats:italic>\n                    -number of 4, a FOV of 4\u00b0\u2009\u00d7\u200924\u00b0, and working band covering the visible and near-infrared (NIR) wavelengths, which also achieves high-quality imaging.\n                  <\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.1364\/oe.570961","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2025,8,1]],"date-time":"2025-08-01T15:59:43Z","timestamp":1754063983000},"page":"35970","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1364\/crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":1,"title":["Starting-point design method for unobscured four-mirror reflective imagers based on multi-aberration evaluation"],"prefix":"10.1364","volume":"33","author":[{"given":"Ningyan","family":"Xu","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"id":[{"id":"https:\/\/ror.org\/00xp9wg62","id-type":"ROR","asserted-by":"publisher"}]}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Qun","family":"Yuan","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"id":[{"id":"https:\/\/ror.org\/00xp9wg62","id-type":"ROR","asserted-by":"publisher"}]}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Zhenyan","family":"Guo","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"id":[{"id":"https:\/\/ror.org\/00xp9wg62","id-type":"ROR","asserted-by":"publisher"}]}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Yutong","family":"Zou","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"id":[{"id":"https:\/\/ror.org\/00xp9wg62","id-type":"ROR","asserted-by":"publisher"}]}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-9712-4696","authenticated-orcid":true,"given":"Zhishan","family":"Gao","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"id":[{"id":"https:\/\/ror.org\/00xp9wg62","id-type":"ROR","asserted-by":"publisher"}]}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"285","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2025,8,13]]},"reference":[{"key":"oe-33-17-35970-R1","first-page":"10","author":"Pan","year":"1994"},{"key":"oe-33-17-35970-R2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"25994","DOI":"10.1364\/OE.27.025994","volume":"27","author":"Chen","year":"2019","journal-title":"Opt. 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