{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,8,19]],"date-time":"2026-08-19T19:58:01Z","timestamp":1787169481405,"version":"build-2736575974"},"reference-count":34,"publisher":"Optica Publishing Group","issue":"19","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2025,9,16]],"date-time":"2025-09-16T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1757980800000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1364\/OA_License_v2#VOR-OA"},{"start":{"date-parts":[[2025,9,16]],"date-time":"2025-09-16T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1757980800000},"content-version":"tdm","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/opg.optica.org\/policies\/opg-tdm-policy.json"}],"funder":[{"DOI":"10.13039\/501100003716","name":"Korea Basic Science Institute","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","award":["D537200"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["D537200"]}],"id":[{"id":"10.13039\/501100003716","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]},{"DOI":"10.13039\/501100003716","name":"Korea Basic Science Institute","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","award":["D537160"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["D537160"]}],"id":[{"id":"10.13039\/501100003716","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]},{"DOI":"10.13039\/501100003716","name":"Korea Basic Science Institute","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","award":["D537130"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["D537130"]}],"id":[{"id":"10.13039\/501100003716","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]},{"DOI":"10.13039\/501100003716","name":"Korea Basic Science Institute","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","award":["C539150"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["C539150"]}],"id":[{"id":"10.13039\/501100003716","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]}],"content-domain":{"domain":["opg.optica.org"],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["Opt. Express"],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2025,9,22]]},"abstract":"<jats:p>\n                    We propose a spiral-phase-contrast imaging system for space optics by integrating a linear astigmatism-free three-mirror system (LAF-TMS) with a spiral phase plate (SPP) in a 4f configuration. The LAF-TMS enables unobscured, off-axis reflective imaging while completely eliminating linear astigmatism across a wide field of view, ensuring robust optical performance suitable for compact space imaging. To enhance phase contrast, we implemented an SPP with a flat central region that maintains a constant phase, generating distinct spiral interference fringes via self-referenced interferometry. These fringes were utilized to reconstruct the 3D topography of a lunar surface-inspired microscale structure, known as the \u201c\n                    <jats:italic>fairy castle<\/jats:italic>\n                    ,\u201d which models the fragile, porous features typical of the Moon. Simulations confirmed accurate 3D reconstruction with a root mean square error in the sub-micron range. A Monte Carlo-based tolerance analysis further demonstrated that the required alignment precision is achievable with standard optomechanical components, supporting the system\u2019s feasibility for in-situ implementation in future space missions.\n                  <\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.1364\/oe.572627","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2025,9,2]],"date-time":"2025-09-02T08:00:06Z","timestamp":1756800006000},"page":"40631","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1364\/crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":1,"title":["Spiral-phase-contrast imaging based on a linear astigmatism-free three-mirror system for space optics applications"],"prefix":"10.1364","volume":"33","author":[{"given":"Sunwoo","family":"Lee","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"id":[{"id":"https:\/\/ror.org\/0417sdw47","id-type":"ROR","asserted-by":"publisher"}]},{"name":"Kyung Hee University"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Nayeon","family":"Kim","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Kyung Hee University"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Seunghyuk","family":"Chang","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Center for Integrated Smart Sensors"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-1975-2486","authenticated-orcid":true,"given":"Changgon","family":"Kim","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Kyung Hee University"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Dohoon","family":"Kim","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Kyung Hee University"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-1122-8727","authenticated-orcid":true,"given":"Daewook","family":"Kim","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"University of Arizona"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0001-5487-4334","authenticated-orcid":true,"given":"Sangwon","family":"Hyun","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"id":[{"id":"https:\/\/ror.org\/0417sdw47","id-type":"ROR","asserted-by":"publisher"}]}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Dong Uk","family":"Kim","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"id":[{"id":"https:\/\/ror.org\/0417sdw47","id-type":"ROR","asserted-by":"publisher"}]}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0001-8669-627X","authenticated-orcid":true,"given":"Kye-Sung","family":"Lee","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"id":[{"id":"https:\/\/ror.org\/0417sdw47","id-type":"ROR","asserted-by":"publisher"}]}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Ki Soo","family":"Chang","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"id":[{"id":"https:\/\/ror.org\/0417sdw47","id-type":"ROR","asserted-by":"publisher"}]},{"name":"Chung-Ang University"},{"name":"University of Science and Technology"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-2548-238X","authenticated-orcid":true,"given":"Soojong","family":"Pak","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Kyung Hee University"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0001-8158-8042","authenticated-orcid":true,"given":"I Jong","family":"Kim","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"id":[{"id":"https:\/\/ror.org\/0417sdw47","id-type":"ROR","asserted-by":"publisher"}]}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"285","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2025,9,16]]},"reference":[{"key":"oe-33-19-40631-R1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"689","DOI":"10.1364\/OPEX.13.000689","volume":"13","author":"F\u00fcrhapter","year":"2005","journal-title":"Opt. Express"},{"key":"oe-33-19-40631-R2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"3792","DOI":"10.1364\/OE.14.003792","volume":"14","author":"Bernet","year":"2006","journal-title":"Opt. Express"},{"key":"oe-33-19-40631-R3","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"233902","DOI":"10.1103\/PhysRevLett.94.233902","volume":"94","author":"Jesacher","year":"2005","journal-title":"Phys. Rev. Lett."},{"key":"oe-33-19-40631-R4","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"3","DOI":"10.1016\/j.copbio.2005.01.003","volume":"16","author":"Garini","year":"2005","journal-title":"Curr. Opin. Biotechnol."},{"key":"oe-33-19-40631-R5","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1777","DOI":"10.1016\/j.bpj.2014.08.028","volume":"107","author":"Godin","year":"2014","journal-title":"Biophys. Rev."},{"key":"oe-33-19-40631-R6","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"12911","DOI":"10.1364\/OE.517822","volume":"32","author":"Zangpo","year":"2024","journal-title":"Opt. Express"},{"key":"oe-33-19-40631-R7","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"2791","DOI":"10.1021\/acs.nanolett.0c00471","volume":"20","author":"Huo","year":"2020","journal-title":"Nano Lett."},{"key":"oe-33-19-40631-R8","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"2106050","DOI":"10.1002\/adfm.202106050","volume":"32","author":"Kim","year":"2022","journal-title":"Adv. Funct. Mater."},{"key":"oe-33-19-40631-R9","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1273","DOI":"10.1016\/j.optcom.2009.11.084","volume":"283","author":"Situ","year":"2010","journal-title":"Opt. Commun."},{"key":"oe-33-19-40631-R10","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"81","DOI":"10.1002\/lpor.200900047","volume":"5","author":"Maurer","year":"2011","journal-title":"Laser Photonics Rev."},{"key":"oe-33-19-40631-R11","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"27273","DOI":"10.1364\/OE.461660","volume":"30","author":"Lee","year":"2022","journal-title":"Opt. Express"},{"key":"oe-33-19-40631-R12","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"130909","DOI":"10.1016\/j.optcom.2024.130909","volume":"570","author":"Lee","year":"2024","journal-title":"Opt. Commun."},{"key":"oe-33-19-40631-R13","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"34391","DOI":"10.1364\/OE.499376","volume":"31","author":"Lee","year":"2023","journal-title":"Opt. Express"},{"key":"oe-33-19-40631-R15","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"241","DOI":"10.1007\/s10686-022-09837-w","volume":"55","author":"Zanutta","year":"2023","journal-title":"Exp. Astron."},{"key":"oe-33-19-40631-R17","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"6337","DOI":"10.1364\/AO.34.006337","volume":"34","author":"Harvey","year":"1995","journal-title":"Appl. Opt."},{"key":"oe-33-19-40631-R18","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1117\/12.948005","article-title":"Diffraction Effects of Secondary Mirror Spiders Upon Telescope Image Quality","author":"Harvey","year":"1989"},{"key":"oe-33-19-40631-R19","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"601","DOI":"10.1086\/316356","volume":"111","author":"Kuhn","year":"1999","journal-title":"Publ. Astron. Soc. Pac."},{"key":"oe-33-19-40631-R20","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"121046","DOI":"10.1117\/12.7978675","volume":"27","author":"Johnson","year":"1988","journal-title":"Opt. Eng."},{"key":"oe-33-19-40631-R21","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"2454","DOI":"10.1364\/JOSAA.22.002454","volume":"22","author":"Chang","year":"2005","journal-title":"J. Opt. Soc. Am. A"},{"key":"oe-33-19-40631-R22","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1393","DOI":"10.1364\/AO.58.001393","volume":"58","author":"Hammar","year":"2019","journal-title":"Appl. Opt."},{"key":"oe-33-19-40631-R23","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1953","DOI":"10.1364\/OL.30.001953","volume":"30","author":"F\u00fcrhapter","year":"2005","journal-title":"Opt. Lett."},{"key":"oe-33-19-40631-R24","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1400","DOI":"10.1364\/JOSAA.23.001400","volume":"23","author":"Jesacher","year":"2006","journal-title":"J. Opt. Soc. Am. A"},{"key":"oe-33-19-40631-R25","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"171116","DOI":"10.1063\/1.2802576","volume":"91","author":"Yuan","year":"2007","journal-title":"Appl. Phys. Lett."},{"key":"oe-33-19-40631-R26","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"585","DOI":"10.1093\/mnras\/115.6.585","volume":"115","author":"Gold","year":"1955","journal-title":"Mon. Not. Roy. Astr. Soc."},{"key":"oe-33-19-40631-R27","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"4545","DOI":"10.1029\/JZ068i015p04545","volume":"68","author":"Hapke","year":"1963","journal-title":"J. Geophys. Res."},{"key":"oe-33-19-40631-R30","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"852","DOI":"10.1364\/JOSAA.32.000852","volume":"32","author":"Chang","year":"2015","journal-title":"J. Opt. Soc. Am. A"},{"key":"oe-33-19-40631-R33","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"044504","DOI":"10.1088\/1538-3873\/ab7547","volume":"132","author":"Park","year":"2020","journal-title":"Publ. Astron. Soc. Pac."},{"key":"oe-33-19-40631-R34","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1163","DOI":"10.1364\/OPTICA.527245","volume":"11","author":"Lee","year":"2024","journal-title":"Optica"},{"key":"oe-33-19-40631-R35","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"C88","DOI":"10.1364\/AO.52.000C88","volume":"52","author":"Wang","year":"2013","journal-title":"Appl. Opt."},{"key":"oe-33-19-40631-R37","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"13819","DOI":"10.1364\/OE.26.013819","volume":"26","author":"Bauman","year":"2018","journal-title":"Opt. Express"},{"key":"oe-33-19-40631-R38","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"5335","DOI":"10.1364\/AO.392187","volume":"59","author":"Park","year":"2020","journal-title":"Appl. Opt."},{"key":"oe-33-19-40631-R39","volume-title":"Opto-Mechanical Systems Design","author":"Yoder","year":"2015"},{"key":"oe-33-19-40631-R40","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","DOI":"10.1002\/9781118809860","volume-title":"Optomechanical Systems Engineering","author":"Kasunic","year":"2015"},{"key":"oe-33-19-40631-R41","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"10137","DOI":"10.1364\/AO.54.010137","volume":"54","author":"Kim","year":"2015","journal-title":"Appl. Opt."}],"container-title":["Optics Express"],"original-title":[],"language":"en","link":[{"URL":"https:\/\/opg.optica.org\/viewmedia.cfm?URI=oe-33-19-40631&seq=0","content-type":"unspecified","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"similarity-checking"}],"deposited":{"date-parts":[[2025,9,16]],"date-time":"2025-09-16T15:28:49Z","timestamp":1758036529000},"score":1,"resource":{"primary":{"URL":"https:\/\/opg.optica.org\/abstract.cfm?URI=oe-33-19-40631"}},"subtitle":[],"short-title":[],"issued":{"date-parts":[[2025,9,16]]},"references-count":34,"journal-issue":{"issue":"19","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2025]]},"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2025]]}},"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1364\/oe.572627","relation":{},"ISSN":["1094-4087"],"issn-type":[{"value":"1094-4087","type":"electronic"}],"subject":[],"published":{"date-parts":[[2025,9,16]]},"assertion":[{"value":"Optica Publishing Group","name":"publisher","label":"This article is maintained by"},{"value":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1364\/OE.572627","name":"articlelink","label":"Crossref DOI link to publisher maintained version"},{"value":"research-article","name":"content_type","label":"Article type"},{"value":"Screened by Similarity Check","name":"cross_check","label":"Similarity check"},{"value":"Yes","order":0,"name":"peer_reviewed","label":"Peer reviewed","group":{"name":"peer_review","label":"Peer review"}},{"value":"Single blind","order":1,"name":"review_process","label":"Review process","group":{"name":"peer_review","label":"Peer review"}},{"value":"4 July 2025","order":0,"name":"received","label":"Received","group":{"name":"publication_history","label":"Publication History"}},{"value":"30 August 2025","order":1,"name":"accepted","label":"Accepted","group":{"name":"publication_history","label":"Publication History"}},{"value":"16 September 2025","order":2,"name":"published","label":"Published","group":{"name":"publication_history","label":"Publication History"}},{"value":"\u00a9 2025 Optica Publishing Group under the terms of the Optica Open Access Publishing Agreement","name":"copyright","label":"Copyright"}]}}