{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,9,7]],"date-time":"2026-09-07T16:46:11Z","timestamp":1788799571866,"version":"build-2803163510"},"reference-count":39,"publisher":"Optica Publishing Group","issue":"2","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2026,1,20]],"date-time":"2026-01-20T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1768867200000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1364\/OA_License_v2#VOR-OA"},{"start":{"date-parts":[[2026,1,20]],"date-time":"2026-01-20T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1768867200000},"content-version":"tdm","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/opg.optica.org\/policies\/opg-tdm-policy.json"}],"funder":[{"DOI":"10.13039\/501100001809","name":"National Natural Science Foundation of China","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","award":["62475184"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["62475184"]}],"id":[{"id":"10.13039\/501100001809","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]},{"DOI":"10.13039\/501100001809","name":"National Natural Science Foundation of China","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","award":["62105232"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["62105232"]}],"id":[{"id":"10.13039\/501100001809","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]},{"DOI":"10.13039\/501100020771","name":"Natural Science Foundation for Young Scientists of Shanxi Province","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","award":["20210302124169"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["20210302124169"]}],"id":[{"id":"10.13039\/501100020771","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]},{"name":"Natural Science Foundation for Outstanding Young Scientists of Shanxi Province","award":["202403021224008"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["202403021224008"]}]}],"content-domain":{"domain":["opg.optica.org"],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["Opt. Express"],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2026,1,26]]},"abstract":"<jats:p>This paper introduces a rapid and accurate wearable hand gesture sensing approach with optical fiber Bragg grating (FBG) arrays, interrogated by the dual-comb spectroscopy (DCS) technique. By leveraging the asynchronous optical sampling (ASOPS) method, rapid and high-resolution dynamic hand gesture sensing can be achieved. This is facilitated by utilizing a single-cavity dual-comb FBG array demodulation scheme in real-time to monitor single-shot FBG\u2019s reflective spectrum, resulting from each finger movement in hand gestures. The proposed sensing system offers a high sensitivity of \u223c5 pm\/degree, and captures the gesture changes at a refresh rate of \u223c2 kHz. Furthermore, a series of measurements was conducted to assess the response characteristics and the effectiveness of the FBG-based dual-comb hand gesture sensing system in capturing dynamic gestures. The system maintains a root mean square error (RMSE) accuracy of better than 1.9 degrees in finger joint measurements, corresponding to a spectral resolution of \u223c9.6 pm in single-shot wavelength shifts. The results demonstrate that the capabilities of picometer-level resolution at kilohertz-level measurement speeds could highlight the potential of the FBG-based dual-comb sensing system for high-speed, high-resolution hand motion sensing, with significance for applications such as robotic gesture recognition and human-machine interaction.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.1364\/oe.580982","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2026,1,8]],"date-time":"2026-01-08T15:00:08Z","timestamp":1767884408000},"page":"2488","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1364\/crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":5,"title":["Dual-comb sensing of hand gesture by wearable FBG arrays demodulation based on a free-running mode-locked fiber laser"],"prefix":"10.1364","volume":"34","author":[{"given":"Hairu","family":"Ren","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"id":[{"id":"https:\/\/ror.org\/03kv08d37","id-type":"ROR","asserted-by":"publisher"}]}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Sijing","family":"Zhang","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"id":[{"id":"https:\/\/ror.org\/03kv08d37","id-type":"ROR","asserted-by":"publisher"}]}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Xiangwen","family":"Zhang","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"id":[{"id":"https:\/\/ror.org\/03kv08d37","id-type":"ROR","asserted-by":"publisher"}]}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Jinze","family":"Han","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"id":[{"id":"https:\/\/ror.org\/03kv08d37","id-type":"ROR","asserted-by":"publisher"}]}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Yunhua","family":"Lv","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"id":[{"id":"https:\/\/ror.org\/03kv08d37","id-type":"ROR","asserted-by":"publisher"}]}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Keming","family":"Wang","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"id":[{"id":"https:\/\/ror.org\/03kv08d37","id-type":"ROR","asserted-by":"publisher"}]}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-1481-0659","authenticated-orcid":true,"given":"Jie","family":"Chen","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"id":[{"id":"https:\/\/ror.org\/03kv08d37","id-type":"ROR","asserted-by":"publisher"}]},{"name":"Third Hospital of Shanxi Medical University"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"285","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2026,1,20]]},"reference":[{"key":"oe-34-2-2488-R1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"946","DOI":"10.1177\/17474930221123175","type":"journal-article","volume":"17","author":"Thayabaranathan","year":"2022","journal-title":"Int. J. Stroke"},{"key":"oe-34-2-2488-R2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"4734","DOI":"10.1109\/JLT.2019.2919496","type":"journal-article","volume":"37","author":"Jha","year":"2019","journal-title":"J. Lightwave Technol."},{"key":"oe-34-2-2488-R3","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1892","DOI":"10.1364\/BOE.517104","type":"journal-article","volume":"15","author":"Xiao","year":"2024","journal-title":"Biomed. Opt. Express"},{"key":"oe-34-2-2488-R4","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"2442","DOI":"10.1109\/JSEN.2011.2138132","type":"journal-article","volume":"11","author":"Silva","year":"2011","journal-title":"IEEE Sensors J."},{"key":"oe-34-2-2488-R5","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"282","DOI":"10.1089\/soro.2022.0091","type":"journal-article","volume":"11","author":"Lin","year":"2024","journal-title":"Soft Rob."},{"key":"oe-34-2-2488-R6","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"11374","DOI":"10.1109\/JSEN.2023.3266766","type":"journal-article","volume":"23","author":"Hu","year":"2023","journal-title":"IEEE Sensors J."},{"key":"oe-34-2-2488-R7","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"3995","DOI":"10.1109\/TIM.2009.2021640","type":"journal-article","volume":"58","author":"Nishiyama","year":"2009","journal-title":"IEEE Trans. Instrum. Meas."},{"key":"oe-34-2-2488-R8","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1","DOI":"10.1109\/TIM.2024.3488147","type":"journal-article","volume":"73","author":"Wang","year":"2024","journal-title":"IEEE Trans. Instrum. Meas."},{"key":"oe-34-2-2488-R9","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1","DOI":"10.1109\/TIM.2023.3329222","type":"journal-article","volume":"72","author":"Lu","year":"2023","journal-title":"IEEE Trans. Instrum. Meas."},{"key":"oe-34-2-2488-R10","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"73","DOI":"10.3390\/jimaging6080073","type":"journal-article","volume":"6","author":"Oudah","year":"2020","journal-title":"J. Imaging"},{"key":"oe-34-2-2488-R11","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"70","DOI":"10.1186\/1743-0003-11-70","type":"journal-article","volume":"11","author":"Kortier","year":"2014","journal-title":"J. Neuroeng. Rehabil."},{"key":"oe-34-2-2488-R12","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1","DOI":"10.1109\/JSEN.2017.2776262","type":"journal-article","volume":"18","author":"Connolly","year":"2017","journal-title":"IEEE Sensors J."},{"key":"oe-34-2-2488-R13","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1074","DOI":"10.3390\/s20041074","type":"journal-article","volume":"20","author":"Chen","year":"2020","journal-title":"Sensors"},{"key":"oe-34-2-2488-R14","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"2667","DOI":"10.3390\/s21082667","type":"journal-article","volume":"21","author":"Caeiro-Rodr\u00edguez","year":"2021","journal-title":"Sensors"},{"key":"oe-34-2-2488-R15","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"119","DOI":"10.1016\/j.sna.2013.10.030","type":"journal-article","volume":"205","author":"Saggio","year":"2014","journal-title":"Sens. Actuators, A"},{"key":"oe-34-2-2488-R16","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"013002","DOI":"10.1088\/0964-1726\/20\/1\/013002","type":"journal-article","volume":"20","author":"Peters","year":"2011","journal-title":"Smart Mater. Struct."},{"key":"oe-34-2-2488-R17","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"362","DOI":"10.1109\/JLT.2024.3451053","type":"journal-article","volume":"43","author":"Yang","year":"2025","journal-title":"J. Lightwave Technol."},{"key":"oe-34-2-2488-R18","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1900086","DOI":"10.1002\/adom.201900086","type":"journal-article","volume":"7","author":"Guo","year":"2019","journal-title":"Adv. Opt. Mater."},{"key":"oe-34-2-2488-R19","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"5780","DOI":"10.1109\/JLT.2023.3267468","type":"journal-article","volume":"41","author":"Luo","year":"2023","journal-title":"J. Lightwave Technol."},{"key":"oe-34-2-2488-R20","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"6621","DOI":"10.1109\/JSEN.2018.2852846","type":"journal-article","volume":"18","author":"Zhao","year":"2018","journal-title":"IEEE Sensors J."},{"key":"oe-34-2-2488-R21","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"843","DOI":"10.1364\/OL.23.000843","type":"journal-article","volume":"23","author":"Yun","year":"1998","journal-title":"Opt. Lett."},{"key":"oe-34-2-2488-R22","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"233","DOI":"10.1038\/416233a","type":"journal-article","volume":"416","author":"Udem","year":"2002","journal-title":"Nature"},{"key":"oe-34-2-2488-R23","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"414","DOI":"10.1364\/OPTICA.3.000414","type":"journal-article","volume":"3","author":"Coddington","year":"2016","journal-title":"Optica"},{"key":"oe-34-2-2488-R24","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"21833","DOI":"10.1364\/OE.24.021833","type":"journal-article","volume":"24","author":"Zhao","year":"2016","journal-title":"Opt. Express"},{"key":"oe-34-2-2488-R25","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1","DOI":"10.1117\/1.AP.2.3.036004","type":"journal-article","volume":"2","author":"Chen","year":"2020","journal-title":"Adv. Photon."},{"key":"oe-34-2-2488-R26","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"11406","DOI":"10.1364\/OE.27.011406","type":"journal-article","volume":"27","author":"Chen","year":"2019","journal-title":"Opt. Express"},{"key":"oe-34-2-2488-R27","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"27787","DOI":"10.1364\/OE.497842","type":"journal-article","volume":"31","author":"Chen","year":"2023","journal-title":"Opt. Express"},{"key":"oe-34-2-2488-R28","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"211104","DOI":"10.1063\/5.0125689","type":"journal-article","volume":"121","author":"Tian","year":"2022","journal-title":"Appl. Phys. Lett."},{"key":"oe-34-2-2488-R29","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"116102","DOI":"10.1063\/1.5117847","type":"journal-article","volume":"4","author":"Sterczewski","year":"2019","journal-title":"APL Photonics"},{"key":"oe-34-2-2488-R30","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"231104","DOI":"10.1063\/1.4953400","type":"journal-article","volume":"108","author":"Mehravar","year":"2016","journal-title":"Appl. Phys. Lett."},{"key":"oe-34-2-2488-R31","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"37537","DOI":"10.1364\/OE.503499","type":"journal-article","volume":"31","author":"Yang","year":"2023","journal-title":"Opt. Express"},{"key":"oe-34-2-2488-R32","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"27250","DOI":"10.1364\/OE.402173","type":"journal-article","volume":"28","author":"Zhu","year":"2020","journal-title":"Opt. Express"},{"key":"oe-34-2-2488-R33","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"961","DOI":"10.1364\/OPTICA.396304","type":"journal-article","volume":"7","author":"Li","year":"2020","journal-title":"Optica"},{"key":"oe-34-2-2488-R34","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"5931","DOI":"10.1364\/OE.27.005931","type":"journal-article","volume":"27","author":"Nakajima","year":"2019","journal-title":"Opt. Express"},{"key":"oe-34-2-2488-R35","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"28302","DOI":"10.1364\/OE.26.028302","type":"journal-article","volume":"26","author":"Li","year":"2018","journal-title":"Opt. Express"},{"key":"oe-34-2-2488-R36","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"5821","DOI":"10.1109\/TIM.2019.2959754","type":"journal-article","volume":"69","author":"Zhao","year":"2020","journal-title":"IEEE Trans. Instrum. Meas."},{"key":"oe-34-2-2488-R37","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"111101","DOI":"10.1063\/5.0287734","type":"journal-article","volume":"127","author":"Zhang","year":"2025","journal-title":"Appl. Phys. Lett."},{"key":"oe-34-2-2488-R38","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"351","DOI":"10.1038\/nphoton.2009.94","type":"journal-article","volume":"3","author":"Coddington","year":"2009","journal-title":"Nat. Photonics"},{"key":"oe-34-2-2488-R39","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"7620","DOI":"10.1109\/JSEN.2020.3046521","type":"journal-article","volume":"21","author":"Jha","year":"2021","journal-title":"IEEE Sensors J."}],"container-title":["Optics Express"],"original-title":[],"language":"en","link":[{"URL":"https:\/\/opg.optica.org\/viewmedia.cfm?URI=oe-34-2-2488&seq=0","content-type":"unspecified","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"similarity-checking"}],"deposited":{"date-parts":[[2026,5,13]],"date-time":"2026-05-13T13:03:07Z","timestamp":1778677387000},"score":1,"resource":{"primary":{"URL":"https:\/\/opg.optica.org\/abstract.cfm?URI=oe-34-2-2488"}},"subtitle":[],"short-title":[],"issued":{"date-parts":[[2026,1,20]]},"references-count":39,"journal-issue":{"issue":"2","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2026]]},"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2026]]}},"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1364\/oe.580982","relation":{},"ISSN":["1094-4087"],"issn-type":[{"value":"1094-4087","type":"electronic"}],"subject":[],"published":{"date-parts":[[2026,1,20]]},"assertion":[{"value":"Optica Publishing Group","name":"publisher","label":"This article is maintained by"},{"value":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1364\/OE.580982","name":"articlelink","label":"Crossref DOI link to publisher maintained version"},{"value":"research-article","name":"content_type","label":"Article type"},{"value":"Screened by Similarity Check","name":"cross_check","label":"Similarity check"},{"value":"Yes","order":0,"name":"peer_reviewed","label":"Peer reviewed","group":{"name":"peer_review","label":"Peer review"}},{"value":"Single blind","order":1,"name":"review_process","label":"Review process","group":{"name":"peer_review","label":"Peer review"}},{"value":"3 October 2025","order":0,"name":"received","label":"Received","group":{"name":"publication_history","label":"Publication History"}},{"value":"8 January 2026","order":1,"name":"accepted","label":"Accepted","group":{"name":"publication_history","label":"Publication History"}},{"value":"20 January 2026","order":2,"name":"published","label":"Published","group":{"name":"publication_history","label":"Publication History"}},{"value":"\u00a9 2026 Optica Publishing Group under the terms of the Optica Open Access Publishing Agreement","name":"copyright","label":"Copyright"}]}}