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Express"],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2026,2,9]]},"abstract":"<jats:p>The development of ultra-broadband antireflection (AR) coatings for optics in multispectral systems presents a critical yet challenging task. A simple method was proposed for preparing gradient index (GRIN) AR films covering wavelengths from visible to mid-wave infrared. These films exhibit low reflectance, ultra-broadband AR performance, incident-angle insensitivity, and environmental stability. At the core of this approach is quantitative control of the refractive index on the nanograss-like alumina (NGLA). The scattering characteristics and surface-area ratios of NGLA samples with varying initial thicknesses were investigated. Subsequently, a GRIN structure based on NGLA was designed and fabricated on both sides of sapphire substrates, achieving reflectance reductions from 13.92% to 0.72% (420-2000nm) and from 11.73% to 1.55% (3000-5000\u2005nm). To further optimize AR performance and scattering suppression, a dual-layer NGLA stack structure with modulated refractive index was implemented on fused silica and black glass substrates. These dual-layer films maintained reflectance below 1% across 400-2500\u2005nm and demonstrated excellent stability under wide-angle incidence, saltwater immersion, and temperature variations. 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