{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,7,30]],"date-time":"2026-07-30T10:30:01Z","timestamp":1785407401978,"version":"3.56.0"},"reference-count":29,"publisher":"Optica Publishing Group","issue":"2","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2026,1,21]],"date-time":"2026-01-21T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1768953600000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/4.0\/"},{"start":{"date-parts":[[2026,1,21]],"date-time":"2026-01-21T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1768953600000},"content-version":"tdm","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/opg.optica.org\/policies\/opg-tdm-policy.json"}],"funder":[{"DOI":"10.13039\/501100000266","name":"Engineering and Physical Sciences Research Council","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","award":["EP\/M010473\/1"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["EP\/M010473\/1"]}],"id":[{"id":"10.13039\/501100000266","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]},{"DOI":"10.13039\/501100000266","name":"Engineering and Physical Sciences Research Council","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","award":["EP\/H02252X\/1"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["EP\/H02252X\/1"]}],"id":[{"id":"10.13039\/501100000266","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]}],"content-domain":{"domain":["opg.optica.org"],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["Opt. Express"],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2026,1,26]]},"abstract":"<jats:p>\n                    This paper looks to evaluate the performance of combined low-coherence and confocal refractometry under conditions of reduced refractive index contrast. The instrument measures the refractive index and thickness of transparent objects using a fibre-based low-coherence interferometer with a line-scan spectrometer. A sample was designed that mimics the on-axis structure of the eye, consisting of a lens tube holding a pair of windows surrounded on either side by fluid chambers and sealed at the far end by a diffuse black metallic plug. Sucrose solutions with a range of concentrations were injected into the fluid chambers, providing a linear variation in refractive index of 1.3330 to 1.4416. The instrument was used to simultaneously measure both the phase and group refractive indices\n                    <jats:italic>n<\/jats:italic>\n                    <jats:sub>p<\/jats:sub>\n                    and\n                    <jats:italic>n<\/jats:italic>\n                    <jats:sub>g<\/jats:sub>\n                    , as well as the physical thickness\n                    <jats:italic>t<\/jats:italic>\n                    of the windows and the fluid in the chambers. Although the measurement accuracy is shown to decrease with reduced refractive index contrast, it remains better than 0.6% over all measured components for sucrose concentrations of up to 60.3%, which is close to the saturation limit.\n                  <\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.1364\/oe.582088","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2025,12,4]],"date-time":"2025-12-04T04:00:10Z","timestamp":1764820810000},"page":"2714","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1364\/crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":0,"title":["Performance of low-coherence and confocal refractometry with reduced index contrast"],"prefix":"10.1364","volume":"34","author":[{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-8675-5134","authenticated-orcid":true,"given":"Daniel","family":"Francis","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"id":[{"id":"https:\/\/ror.org\/05cncd958","id-type":"ROR","asserted-by":"publisher"}]}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-7087-0461","authenticated-orcid":true,"given":"Jonathan M.","family":"Hallam","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"id":[{"id":"https:\/\/ror.org\/05cncd958","id-type":"ROR","asserted-by":"publisher"}]}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0001-9599-3639","authenticated-orcid":true,"given":"Ralph P.","family":"Tatam","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"id":[{"id":"https:\/\/ror.org\/05cncd958","id-type":"ROR","asserted-by":"publisher"}]}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"285","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2026,1,21]]},"reference":[{"key":"oe-34-2-2714-R1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"966","DOI":"10.1364\/OL.23.000966","type":"journal-article","volume":"23","author":"Haruna","year":"1998","journal-title":"Opt. 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Further distribution of this work must maintain attribution to the author(s) and the published article\u2019s title, journal citation, and DOI.","name":"copyright","label":"Copyright"}]}}