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However, this integration remains challenging due to the fundamental thermal incompatibility between high-temperature III-V epitaxy and the thermally sensitive active region of VCSEL. Herein, we demonstrate a monolithically integrated device by directly coupling a VCSEL with a graphene\/PEDOT:PSS van der Waals heterostructure-based photodetector via a low-temperature approach (&lt;120\u00b0C), thus circumventing thermal damage associated with conventional high-temperature epitaxy. The integrated VCSEL exhibits excellent spectral stability with a minimal emission wavelength shift (&lt;3\u2005nm), while the optimized detector features enhanced near-infrared (NIR) absorption and a peak responsivity of up to 2.1 A\/W at 940\u2005nm. Functioning as a compact optical transceiver, the device enables lens-free reflection detection over distances up to 3\u2005cm and short-range optical transmission with lens assistance. Benefiting from graphene\u2019s zero-bandgap property, the detector is inherently compatible with 850\u2005nm VCSEL without the need for customized epitaxy, significantly simplifying fabrication complexity and reducing costs. This scalable low-temperature scheme provides an effective strategy to overcome thermal incompatibility in conventional III-V monolithic integration, offering a promising low-cost solution for advanced compact optoelectronic systems.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.1364\/oe.586609","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2026,3,20]],"date-time":"2026-03-20T13:00:07Z","timestamp":1774011607000},"page":"13457","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1364\/crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":0,"title":["Monolithic integration of VCSELs with graphene\/PEDOT:PSS photodetectors for compact optoelectronics"],"prefix":"10.1364","volume":"34","author":[{"given":"Yu","family":"Mei","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"id":[{"id":"https:\/\/ror.org\/037b1pp87","id-type":"ROR","asserted-by":"publisher"}]}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Yanhui","family":"Xing","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"id":[{"id":"https:\/\/ror.org\/037b1pp87","id-type":"ROR","asserted-by":"publisher"}]}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Ning","family":"Cui","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"id":[{"id":"https:\/\/ror.org\/037b1pp87","id-type":"ROR","asserted-by":"publisher"}]}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0009-0000-6039-1160","authenticated-orcid":true,"given":"Feng","family":"Zhang","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"id":[{"id":"https:\/\/ror.org\/037b1pp87","id-type":"ROR","asserted-by":"publisher"}]}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Lishan","family":"Fu","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"id":[{"id":"https:\/\/ror.org\/037b1pp87","id-type":"ROR","asserted-by":"publisher"}]}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Baolu","family":"Guan","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"id":[{"id":"https:\/\/ror.org\/037b1pp87","id-type":"ROR","asserted-by":"publisher"}]}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"285","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2026,4,3]]},"reference":[{"key":"oe-34-7-13457-R1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"229","DOI":"10.1038\/s41377-024-01561-8","type":"journal-article","volume":"13","author":"Pan","year":"2024","journal-title":"Light:Sci. 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