{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,8,20]],"date-time":"2026-08-20T15:23:54Z","timestamp":1787239434250,"version":"build-2736575974"},"reference-count":48,"publisher":"Optica Publishing Group","issue":"8","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2026,4,7]],"date-time":"2026-04-07T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1775520000000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1364\/OA_License_v2#VOR-OA"},{"start":{"date-parts":[[2026,4,7]],"date-time":"2026-04-07T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1775520000000},"content-version":"tdm","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/opg.optica.org\/policies\/opg-tdm-policy.json"}],"content-domain":{"domain":["opg.optica.org"],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["Opt. Express"],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2026,4,20]]},"abstract":"<jats:p>\n                    Hybrid plasmonic nanolasers have attracted significant attention as active sensing platforms that combine strong optical field confinement with coherent light generation beyond the diffraction limit. In this study, we propose a hybrid graphene-CdS plasmonic nanolaser for highly sensitive refractive index sensing. The device integrates a CdS nanowire with a multilayer silica aerogel\/graphene\/silica stack, forming a hybrid plasmonic cavity that supports strong plasmon-exciton coupling and low-loss optical feedback. Finite element simulations demonstrate a narrow linewidth of 5.8\n                    <jats:italic>nm<\/jats:italic>\n                    , a high quality factor of 530, and a high sensitivity of 1324\n                    <jats:italic>nm<\/jats:italic>\n                    \/\n                    <jats:italic>RIU<\/jats:italic>\n                    , yielding a figure of merit (\n                    <jats:italic>FOM<\/jats:italic>\n                    ) of 228\n                    <jats:italic>RIU<\/jats:italic>\n                    <jats:sup>\u22121<\/jats:sup>\n                    . Compared with previously reported plasmonic and nanolaser-based sensors, the proposed design exhibits a substantial enhancement in both sensitivity and detection resolution. These results highlight the potential of graphene-assisted hybrid plasmonic systems for real-time, label-free biochemical and environmental sensing applications, paving the way toward ultra-compact, tunable, and energy-efficient optical sensors.\n                  <\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.1364\/oe.587045","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2026,3,26]],"date-time":"2026-03-26T03:00:08Z","timestamp":1774494008000},"page":"14199","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1364\/crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":1,"title":["Graphene-enhanced hybrid plasmonic nanolaser with an ultra-high figure of merit for refractive index sensing"],"prefix":"10.1364","volume":"34","author":[{"given":"Ali Karami","family":"Abolverdi","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"id":[{"id":"https:\/\/ror.org\/03xbchh53","id-type":"ROR","asserted-by":"publisher"}]}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-1207-5902","authenticated-orcid":true,"given":"Mojtaba","family":"Sadeghi","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"id":[{"id":"https:\/\/ror.org\/03xbchh53","id-type":"ROR","asserted-by":"publisher"}]}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-3980-4984","authenticated-orcid":true,"given":"Zahra","family":"Adelpour","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"id":[{"id":"https:\/\/ror.org\/03xbchh53","id-type":"ROR","asserted-by":"publisher"}]}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"285","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2026,4,7]]},"reference":[{"key":"oe-34-8-14199-R1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"3623","DOI":"10.1515\/nanoph-2021-0298","type":"journal-article","volume":"10","author":"Ma","year":"2021","journal-title":"Nanophotonics"},{"key":"oe-34-8-14199-R2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1","DOI":"10.1109\/JQE.2018.2853258","type":"journal-article","volume":"54","author":"Chen","year":"2018","journal-title":"IEEE J. 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