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Express"],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2026,3,23]]},"abstract":"<jats:p>\n                    Interlayer exciton\u2013trion interconversion is central to two-dimensional excitonics, while electrically modulating the exciton interconversion in van der Waals heterostructures remains underexplored yet. Herein, we report a systematic investigation of interlayer many-body dynamics in a WS\n                    <jats:sub>2<\/jats:sub>\n                    \/MoS\n                    <jats:sub>2<\/jats:sub>\n                    van der Waals heterostructure subjected to a micrometer-scale vertical electric field generated by an atomic-force-microscope probe. By synergizing hyperspectral photoluminescence mapping with density-functional calculations, the abrupt and reversible switching of the trion\/exciton intensity ratio has been observed at two critical biases (\u22120.054 and +0.076\u2005V \u00c5\n                    <jats:sup>\u22121<\/jats:sup>\n                    ), which coincide with a type-II to type-I band-alignment crossover and a direct-to-indirect gap transition, respectively. The quantitative agreement between experimental values and mass-action theory across the entire electric field window demonstrates that a local vertical field affords spatially selective, continuous, and non-volatile control over interlayer exciton conversion, establishing a route toward reconfigurable 2D excitonics and field-programmable quantum emitters.\n                  <\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.1364\/oe.588886","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2026,2,27]],"date-time":"2026-02-27T04:00:16Z","timestamp":1772164816000},"page":"9519","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1364\/crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":0,"title":["Interlayer exciton transition in van der Waals heterostructure modulated by located vertical electric field"],"prefix":"10.1364","volume":"34","author":[{"given":"Zeqian","family":"Ren","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"id":[{"id":"https:\/\/ror.org\/03y3e3s17","id-type":"ROR","asserted-by":"publisher"}]},{"name":"Taiyuan Normal University"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Shaohua","family":"Zhang","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"id":[{"id":"https:\/\/ror.org\/03y3e3s17","id-type":"ROR","asserted-by":"publisher"}]}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Miao","family":"Yue","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"id":[{"id":"https:\/\/ror.org\/03y3e3s17","id-type":"ROR","asserted-by":"publisher"}]}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Jinxiang","family":"Cui","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"id":[{"id":"https:\/\/ror.org\/03y3e3s17","id-type":"ROR","asserted-by":"publisher"}]}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Peng","family":"Chen","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"id":[{"id":"https:\/\/ror.org\/03y3e3s17","id-type":"ROR","asserted-by":"publisher"}]},{"name":"Taiyuan Normal University"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-7543-4327","authenticated-orcid":true,"given":"Yongming","family":"Fu","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"id":[{"id":"https:\/\/ror.org\/03y3e3s17","id-type":"ROR","asserted-by":"publisher"}]}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Jie","family":"Ma","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"id":[{"id":"https:\/\/ror.org\/03y3e3s17","id-type":"ROR","asserted-by":"publisher"}]},{"name":"Taiyuan Normal University"},{"name":"Shanxi University"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"285","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2026,3,9]]},"reference":[{"key":"oe-34-6-9519-R1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"2405523","DOI":"10.1002\/adfm.202405523","type":"journal-article","volume":"35","author":"Jia","year":"2025","journal-title":"Adv. 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