{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,7,30]],"date-time":"2026-07-30T12:16:11Z","timestamp":1785413771593,"version":"3.56.0"},"reference-count":29,"publisher":"Optica Publishing Group","issue":"14","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2026,7,9]],"date-time":"2026-07-09T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1783555200000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1364\/OA_License_v2#VOR-OA"},{"start":{"date-parts":[[2026,7,9]],"date-time":"2026-07-09T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1783555200000},"content-version":"tdm","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/opg.optica.org\/policies\/opg-tdm-policy.json"}],"funder":[{"DOI":"10.13039\/501100001809","name":"National Natural Science Foundation of China","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","award":["62131012"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["62131012"]}],"id":[{"id":"10.13039\/501100001809","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"crossref"},{"id":"https:\/\/ror.org\/01h0zpd94","id-type":"ROR","asserted-by":"publisher"}]},{"DOI":"10.13039\/501100001809","name":"National Natural Science Foundation of China","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","award":["U2141231"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["U2141231"]}],"id":[{"id":"10.13039\/501100001809","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"crossref"},{"id":"https:\/\/ror.org\/01h0zpd94","id-type":"ROR","asserted-by":"publisher"}]},{"name":"Unveiling and Leading Project of Nanjing University Integrated Research and Development Platform of Ministry of Education"}],"content-domain":{"domain":["opg.optica.org"],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["Opt. Express"],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2026,7,13]]},"abstract":"<jats:p>\n                    Satellite-to-ground laser communication (SGLC) is a viable technology for future high-speed feeder links in mega Low Earth Orbit (LEO) constellation networks. However, it is constrained by the dynamic and non-stationary nature of atmospheric optical turbulence during rapid communication windows. To address the operational requirements for network scheduling, this study captures transient atmospheric states by deriving high-resolution Fried parameter (\n                    <jats:italic>r<\/jats:italic>\n                    <jats:sub>0<\/jats:sub>\n                    ) fields. This study proposes the Diffusion Schr\u00f6dinger Bridge Graph Transformer (DSBGT) for minute-scale spatiotemporal nowcasting. The DSBGT architecture employs a Graph Wavelet Network-based Transformer (GWNformer) backbone to predict spatiotemporal patterns via dynamic graphs and parallel attention mechanisms. To address the non-stationarity of atmospheric optical turbulence, a Diffusion Schr\u00f6dinger Bridge is incorporated to establish probabilistic optimal transport mappings from current\n                    <jats:italic>r<\/jats:italic>\n                    <jats:sub>0<\/jats:sub>\n                    distributions to their future states. Experimental results indicate that the DSBGT model achieves seasonal average mean absolute error (MAE) values below 0.24 cm for 30-min forecasts, outperforming baseline models. These results suggest the potential for facilitating proactive operational link scheduling and dynamic resource optimization in future LEO-SGLC networks.\n                  <\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.1364\/oe.589372","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2026,5,4]],"date-time":"2026-05-04T04:00:08Z","timestamp":1777867208000},"page":"26511","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1364\/crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":0,"title":["Spatiotemporal nowcasting of atmospheric optical turbulence for LEO satellite-to-ground laser communication networking"],"prefix":"10.1364","volume":"34","author":[{"given":"Qingfang","family":"Jiang","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"id":[{"id":"https:\/\/ror.org\/01rxvg760","id-type":"ROR","asserted-by":"publisher"}]}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Kanglian","family":"Zhao","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"id":[{"id":"https:\/\/ror.org\/01rxvg760","id-type":"ROR","asserted-by":"publisher"}]}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Jianhao","family":"Yu","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"id":[{"id":"https:\/\/ror.org\/01rxvg760","id-type":"ROR","asserted-by":"publisher"}]}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Shuai","family":"Liu","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"id":[{"id":"https:\/\/ror.org\/01rxvg760","id-type":"ROR","asserted-by":"publisher"}]}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Zhi","family":"Liu","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Changchun University of Science and Technology"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Xiangxu","family":"Meng","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"id":[{"id":"https:\/\/ror.org\/01rxvg760","id-type":"ROR","asserted-by":"publisher"}]}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Kaibin","family":"Lin","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"id":[{"id":"https:\/\/ror.org\/01rxvg760","id-type":"ROR","asserted-by":"publisher"}]}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Wenfeng","family":"Li","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"id":[{"id":"https:\/\/ror.org\/01rxvg760","id-type":"ROR","asserted-by":"publisher"}]}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"285","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2026,7,9]]},"reference":[{"key":"oe-34-14-26511-R1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"30798","DOI":"10.1038\/s41598-025-16815-7","type":"journal-article","volume":"15","author":"Qin","year":"2025","journal-title":"Sci. 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