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Express"],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2026,4,6]]},"abstract":"<jats:p>This paper proposes an optimization method of reflective systems with large obscuration. Based on geometrical aberration theory, the linear astigmatism of off-axis reflective systems under the confocal condition is analytically derived. By enforcing both the confocal configuration and the linear astigmatism cancellation condition, the large obscuration inherent in on-axis reflective systems is effectively eliminated, while the imaging performance of the system is significantly improved. 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