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Express"],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2026,5,4]]},"abstract":"<jats:p>Augmented reality (AR) displays face persistent challenges in a wide field of view (FOV) and a large depth of field (DOF), while conventional planar waveguide systems suffer from poor ergonomic compatibility and lack diopter correction capability. To address these limitations, we propose a curved-waveguide retinal projection display (CW-RPD) system using freeform optics and freeform holographic optical elements (FHOEs). An ergonomically designed cylindrical curved waveguide (CW) serves as the optical combiner and, together with retinal projection, enables a wide FOV and an extended DOF in a compact form factor. Freeform optical surface in the in-coupler is employed to compensate aberrations induced by multiple off-axis propagations inside the CW, while the FHOE functions as a high-efficiency out-coupling grating with precise control over complex incident wavefronts. In addition, a joint optimization strategy is developed for the waveguide combiner and its exposure system to suppress ghost images caused by repeated diffraction and to control distortion under large-FOV off-axis conditions. A compact cylindrical CW-RPD prototype is demonstrated, achieving a ghosting-free, low-distortion, and high-transparency see-through display with a DOF from 0.25\u2005m to 3\u2005m and a FOV of 61.75\u00b0. Furthermore, designs incorporating optical prescriptions are designed to show the advantage and versatility of the system structure. The proposed system opens up a new pathway for the next-generation large FOV and large DOF AR displays.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.1364\/oe.596116","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2026,4,9]],"date-time":"2026-04-09T09:00:06Z","timestamp":1775725206000},"page":"15994","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1364\/crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":0,"title":["Freeform holographic curved-waveguide retinal projection near-eye display"],"prefix":"10.1364","volume":"34","author":[{"given":"Xin","family":"Lyu","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"id":[{"id":"https:\/\/ror.org\/01skt4w74","id-type":"ROR","asserted-by":"publisher"}]}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Tong","family":"Yang","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"id":[{"id":"https:\/\/ror.org\/01skt4w74","id-type":"ROR","asserted-by":"publisher"}]}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Yongdong","family":"Wang","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"id":[{"id":"https:\/\/ror.org\/01skt4w74","id-type":"ROR","asserted-by":"publisher"}]}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Qi","family":"Liu","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"id":[{"id":"https:\/\/ror.org\/01skt4w74","id-type":"ROR","asserted-by":"publisher"}]}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0001-9422-0888","authenticated-orcid":true,"given":"Yongtian","family":"Wang","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"id":[{"id":"https:\/\/ror.org\/01skt4w74","id-type":"ROR","asserted-by":"publisher"}]}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-8525-3765","authenticated-orcid":true,"given":"Dewen","family":"Cheng","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"id":[{"id":"https:\/\/ror.org\/01skt4w74","id-type":"ROR","asserted-by":"publisher"}]},{"name":"Beijing NED+ AR Ltd."}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"285","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2026,4,20]]},"reference":[{"key":"oe-34-9-15994-R1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"549","DOI":"10.1093\/ageing\/afs053","type":"journal-article","volume":"41","author":"Rendon","year":"2012","journal-title":"Age and ageing"},{"key":"oe-34-9-15994-R2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"40","DOI":"10.1177\/1063293X14568814","type":"journal-article","volume":"23","author":"Choi","year":"2015","journal-title":"Concurrent Engineering"},{"key":"oe-34-9-15994-R3","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"150","DOI":"10.1016\/j.autcon.2017.11.003","type":"journal-article","volume":"86","author":"Li","year":"2018","journal-title":"Automation in construction"},{"key":"oe-34-9-15994-R4","first-page":"0","article-title":"Front matter: Volume 11310","author":"Kress","year":"2020"},{"key":"oe-34-9-15994-R5","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"2402083","DOI":"10.1002\/lpor.202402083","type":"journal-article","volume":"19","author":"Jin","year":"2025","journal-title":"Laser and Photonics Reviews"},{"key":"oe-34-9-15994-R6","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"2416961","DOI":"10.1002\/advs.202416961","type":"journal-article","volume":"12","author":"Jiang","year":"2025","journal-title":"Adv. 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