{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,7,30]],"date-time":"2026-07-30T10:31:39Z","timestamp":1785407499829,"version":"3.56.0"},"reference-count":26,"publisher":"Optica Publishing Group","issue":"12","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2026,6,11]],"date-time":"2026-06-11T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1781136000000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1364\/OA_License_v2#VOR-OA"},{"start":{"date-parts":[[2026,6,11]],"date-time":"2026-06-11T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1781136000000},"content-version":"tdm","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/opg.optica.org\/policies\/opg-tdm-policy.json"}],"funder":[{"DOI":"10.13039\/501100002241","name":"Japan Science and Technology Agency","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","award":["JPMJPR25L8"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["JPMJPR25L8"]}],"id":[{"id":"10.13039\/501100002241","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"crossref"},{"id":"https:\/\/ror.org\/00097mb19","id-type":"ROR","asserted-by":"publisher"}]},{"DOI":"10.13039\/501100001691","name":"Japan Society for the Promotion of Science","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","award":["24K07509"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["24K07509"]}],"id":[{"id":"10.13039\/501100001691","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"crossref"},{"id":"https:\/\/ror.org\/00hhkn466","id-type":"ROR","asserted-by":"publisher"}]}],"content-domain":{"domain":["opg.optica.org"],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["Opt. Express"],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2026,6,15]]},"abstract":"<jats:p>\n                    We propose a markerless tracking method for featureless surfaces by exploiting the persistent luminescence of everyday materials such as wood, paper, and fabric. UV laser irradiation dynamically generates active markers on the target surface without any physical attachment or chemical treatment. Luminescence spectra and camera-based detection limits were characterized for ten solid materials. Luminescence is detected via a 3\n                    <jats:italic>\u03c3<\/jats:italic>\n                    -based criterion, and its centroid is tracked across successive frames using Otsu\u2019s binarization and phase correlation to estimate the target velocity. Experiments on a linear actuator at 40 and 80\u2009mm\/s demonstrated successful tracking across all selected materials, achieving error rates of less than 10%, while feature-point-based methods failed on textureless samples. Because the persistent-luminescence signal is much weaker than typical broad-spectrum ambient illumination, the proposed technique is intended for dark-box, enclosed, or low-light environments, or for systems whose lighting is selected to leave a spectral window at the luminescence peak.\n                  <\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.1364\/oe.599955","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2026,6,2]],"date-time":"2026-06-02T15:00:08Z","timestamp":1780412408000},"page":"22837","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1364\/crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":0,"title":["<i>In situ<\/i>\n                    active marker generation for markerless tracking on featureless surfaces using persistent luminescence"],"prefix":"10.1364","volume":"34","author":[{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0003-1205-5431","authenticated-orcid":true,"given":"Tomohiko","family":"Hayakawa","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"id":[{"id":"https:\/\/ror.org\/05sj3n476","id-type":"ROR","asserted-by":"publisher"}]}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Yushi","family":"Moko","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"id":[{"id":"https:\/\/ror.org\/05sj3n476","id-type":"ROR","asserted-by":"publisher"}]}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Yuka","family":"Hiruma","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"id":[{"id":"https:\/\/ror.org\/05sj3n476","id-type":"ROR","asserted-by":"publisher"}]}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Haruka","family":"Ikeda","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"The University of Tokyo"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Masatoshi","family":"Ishikawa","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"id":[{"id":"https:\/\/ror.org\/05sj3n476","id-type":"ROR","asserted-by":"publisher"}]}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"285","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2026,6,11]]},"reference":[{"key":"oe-34-12-22837-R1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"335","DOI":"10.3390\/s16030335","type":"journal-article","volume":"16","author":"P\u00e9rez","year":"2016","journal-title":"Sensors"},{"key":"oe-34-12-22837-R2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"100121","DOI":"10.1016\/j.sintl.2021.100121","type":"journal-article","volume":"2","author":"Javaid","year":"2021","journal-title":"Sens. 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