{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,7,30]],"date-time":"2026-07-30T09:27:30Z","timestamp":1785403650376,"version":"3.56.0"},"reference-count":27,"publisher":"Optica Publishing Group","issue":"12","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2026,6,8]],"date-time":"2026-06-08T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1780876800000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1364\/OA_License_v2#VOR-OA"},{"start":{"date-parts":[[2026,6,8]],"date-time":"2026-06-08T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1780876800000},"content-version":"tdm","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/opg.optica.org\/policies\/opg-tdm-policy.json"}],"funder":[{"DOI":"10.13039\/501100001809","name":"National Natural Science Foundation of China","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","award":["41805027"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["41805027"]}],"id":[{"id":"10.13039\/501100001809","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"crossref"},{"id":"https:\/\/ror.org\/01h0zpd94","id-type":"ROR","asserted-by":"publisher"}]},{"name":"Jing-Jin-Ji Regional Integrated Environmental Improvement-National Science and Technology Major Project","award":["2025ZD1200900"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["2025ZD1200900"]}]},{"name":"Jing-Jin-Ji Regional Integrated Environmental Improvement-National Science and Technology Major Project","award":["2026ZD1212900"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["2026ZD1212900"]}]}],"content-domain":{"domain":["opg.optica.org"],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["Opt. Express"],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2026,6,15]]},"abstract":"<jats:p>Traditional ozone differential absorption lidar (DIAL) systems are commonly operated in a low-repetition-rate, high-pulse-energy regime to secure sufficient signal-to-noise ratio (SNR) for long-range measurements. For low-altitude tropospheric profiling, however, the shorter propagation path and weaker attenuation make it possible to achieve the required SNR through pulse accumulation rather than high single-pulse energy. Here, we present RD150, a high-repetition-rate ozone DIAL system for profiling ozone in the 0.15\u20133\u2005km range. Based on an all-solid-state Raman ultraviolet laser, the system emits the 280 and 295\u2005nm DIAL wavelength pair at 5 kHz with ultraviolet pulse energies at the ten-microjoule level. Comparisons with ozonesonde profiles show that RD150 reproduces low-altitude ozone structures well. A near-surface horizontal comparison with a ground-based ozone analyzer further demonstrates that the system can reliably track low-altitude ozone variability. One year of continuous observations confirms stable long-term operation and the ability to resolve seasonal and vertical structural variability. Taken together, these results indicate that, for short-path low-altitude ozone DIAL, kilohertz-level pulse accumulation with \u00b5J-level ultraviolet pulses can provide a practical alternative to continued reliance on higher single-pulse energy, thereby enabling a compact ozone lidar implementation based on a chiller-free air-cooled transmitter and whole-instrument gimbal-mounted scanning capability.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.1364\/oe.600393","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2026,5,25]],"date-time":"2026-05-25T14:00:09Z","timestamp":1779717609000},"page":"22112","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1364\/crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":0,"title":["High-repetition-rate ozone differential absorption lidar for low-altitude tropospheric ozone observations"],"prefix":"10.1364","volume":"34","author":[{"given":"Bin","family":"Yang","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Nanjing University of Information Science and Technology"},{"name":"Nanjing Movelaser Technology Co., Ltd."},{"name":"Nanjing Xinhuan Optoelectronics Technology Co., Ltd."}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Lingbing","family":"Bu","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Nanjing University of Information Science and Technology"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Shi","family":"Zheng","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Liaoning Meteorological Equipment Support Center"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Guan","family":"Wang","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Ecological Meteorology and Satellite Remote Sensing Center of Liaoning"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Chen","family":"Deng","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Nanjing Movelaser Technology Co., Ltd."},{"name":"Nanjing Xinhuan Optoelectronics Technology Co., Ltd."},{"name":"Nanjing University"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Haijiao","family":"Liu","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Nanjing Xinhuan Optoelectronics Technology Co., Ltd."}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Shanshan","family":"Lv","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"China Meteorological Administration Meteorological Observation Centre"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Qichen","family":"Ni","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"China Meteorological Administration Meteorological Observation Centre"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Haiyang","family":"Cai","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Akedala Regional Atmospheric Background Station"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Junli","family":"Jin","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"China Meteorological Administration Meteorological Observation Centre"},{"name":"Beijing Institute of Technology"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"285","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2026,6,8]]},"reference":[{"key":"oe-34-12-22112-R1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1","DOI":"10.1525\/elementa.279","type":"journal-article","volume":"6","author":"Lefohn","year":"2018","journal-title":"Elem. 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