{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,7,30]],"date-time":"2026-07-30T11:23:05Z","timestamp":1785410585090,"version":"3.56.0"},"reference-count":28,"publisher":"Optica Publishing Group","issue":"14","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2026,7,7]],"date-time":"2026-07-07T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1783382400000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1364\/OA_License_v2#VOR-OA"},{"start":{"date-parts":[[2026,7,7]],"date-time":"2026-07-07T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1783382400000},"content-version":"tdm","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/opg.optica.org\/policies\/opg-tdm-policy.json"}],"funder":[{"DOI":"10.13039\/501100001809","name":"National Natural Science Foundation of China","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","award":["No. 62525102"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["No. 62525102"]}],"id":[{"id":"10.13039\/501100001809","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"crossref"},{"id":"https:\/\/ror.org\/01h0zpd94","id-type":"ROR","asserted-by":"publisher"}]}],"content-domain":{"domain":["opg.optica.org"],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["Opt. Express"],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2026,7,13]]},"abstract":"<jats:p>In this paper, we propose and experimentally validate a communication- and physics-adaptive phase retrieval (CP-APR) scheme for low-Earth-orbit (LEO) satellite-to-ground free-space optical (FSO) links. The proposed method establishes a unified carrierless phase-retrieval framework by jointly incorporating a soft-projection relaxed averaged alternating reflections (S-RAAR) backbone, adaptive physical dispersion tuning, a constellation-constrained communication prior, and an adaptive spectral-phase constraint (ASPC), enabling robust full-field reconstruction from intensity-only measurements. To validate its practical feasibility, a ground-based indoor equivalent-link experiment is performed using a custom-built fiber-optic-sampled bidirectional dual-terminal FSO equivalent link, and the transmission performance is further evaluated under turbulence-impaired conditions. Experimental results show that, for 16QAM 10-Gbaud transmission over equivalent distances of 300, 400, and 500\u2005km, the proposed scheme achieves Q-factor improvements of 16.01, 14.96, and 14.71\u2005dB, respectively, compared with intensity modulation\/direct detection (IM\/DD). In addition, a gross bit rate of 42 Gbps is achieved at 500\u2005km under the 7% hard-decision forward error correction threshold. These results validate the feasibility of CP-APR reception in the tested equivalent LEO satellite-to-ground FSO links and suggest its potential as a direct-detection-based, LO-free, coherent-compatible, and hardware-simplified solution for future satellite-to-ground optical links.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.1364\/oe.603744","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2026,6,18]],"date-time":"2026-06-18T11:00:05Z","timestamp":1781780405000},"page":"25996","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1364\/crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":0,"title":["Communication- and physics-adaptive carrierless phase-retrieval reception for LEO satellite-to-ground FSO communications"],"prefix":"10.1364","volume":"34","author":[{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0009-0006-9150-9866","authenticated-orcid":true,"given":"Zhe","family":"Feng","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"id":[{"id":"https:\/\/ror.org\/013q1eq08","id-type":"ROR","asserted-by":"publisher"}]},{"name":"Shanghai 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