{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,7,30]],"date-time":"2026-07-30T19:00:57Z","timestamp":1785438057451,"version":"3.56.0"},"reference-count":22,"publisher":"Optica Publishing Group","issue":"14","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2026,7,10]],"date-time":"2026-07-10T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1783641600000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1364\/OA_License_v2#VOR-OA"},{"start":{"date-parts":[[2026,7,10]],"date-time":"2026-07-10T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1783641600000},"content-version":"tdm","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/opg.optica.org\/policies\/opg-tdm-policy.json"}],"funder":[{"DOI":"10.13039\/501100001809","name":"National Natural Science Foundation of China","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","award":["52106080,"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["52106080,"]}],"id":[{"id":"10.13039\/501100001809","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"crossref"},{"id":"https:\/\/ror.org\/01h0zpd94","id-type":"ROR","asserted-by":"publisher"}]},{"DOI":"10.13039\/501100007129","name":"Shandong Provincial Natural Science Foundation","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","award":["ZR2023ME018"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["ZR2023ME018"]}],"id":[{"id":"10.13039\/501100007129","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"crossref"}]}],"content-domain":{"domain":["opg.optica.org"],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["Opt. Express"],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2026,7,13]]},"abstract":"<jats:p>\n                    This paper takes two typical CO\n                    <jats:sub>2<\/jats:sub>\n                    -fixing microalgae-\n                    <jats:italic toggle=\"yes\">Chlorella sp.<\/jats:italic>\n                    and\n                    <jats:italic toggle=\"yes\">Chlamydomonas reinhardtii<\/jats:italic>\n                    \u2013as the research subjects, aiming to comprehensively analyze the radiative characteristics of mixed-species aggregates. The models of mixed-species microalgae aggregates considering internal microstructures were constructed. The absorption cross section (\n                    <jats:italic toggle=\"yes\">\n                      C\n                      <jats:sub>abs<\/jats:sub>\n                    <\/jats:italic>\n                    ), scattering cross section (\n                    <jats:italic toggle=\"yes\">\n                      C\n                      <jats:sub>sca<\/jats:sub>\n                    <\/jats:italic>\n                    ), and scattering phase function of aggregates in the wavelength range of 400-750\u2005nm were calculated using the multi-sphere T-matrix method. The theoretical calculations of the T-matrix and the experimental measurement results are highly consistent, confirming the accuracy of the theoretical method. The effects of the number of cell aggregates (\n                    <jats:italic toggle=\"yes\">N<\/jats:italic>\n                    \u2009=\u20092-8) and species mixing ratio were systematically examined. The results show that the absorption and scattering cross-sections of the mixed-species aggregates increase with increasing\n                    <jats:italic toggle=\"yes\">N<\/jats:italic>\n                    , but the shielding effect causes the rate of increase to slow down. In the\n                    <jats:italic toggle=\"yes\">N<\/jats:italic>\n                    \u2009=\u20098 fixed co-culture system, increasing the proportion of\n                    <jats:italic toggle=\"yes\">Chlamydomonas reinhardtii<\/jats:italic>\n                    enhanced light absorption, while a higher proportion of Chlorella increased light scattering. The scattering phase function is primarily determined by the optical structure of the cells themselves and is less influenced by the aggregation state. Comprehensive evaluation showed that a mixture of 75%\n                    <jats:italic toggle=\"yes\">Chlorella sp.<\/jats:italic>\n                    and 25%\n                    <jats:italic toggle=\"yes\">Chlamydomonas reinhardtii<\/jats:italic>\n                    was optimal, achieving synergistic optimization of high light absorption and low scattering loss across the entire visible spectrum.\n                  <\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.1364\/oe.604176","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2026,6,2]],"date-time":"2026-06-02T14:00:09Z","timestamp":1780408809000},"page":"26800","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1364\/crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":0,"title":["Investigation on the optical properties of mixed-species microalgae aggregation accounting for the microstructure"],"prefix":"10.1364","volume":"34","author":[{"given":"Tianbo","family":"Hou","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"id":[{"id":"https:\/\/ror.org\/00zqaxa34","id-type":"ROR","asserted-by":"publisher"}]}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0001-6436-4952","authenticated-orcid":true,"given":"Xingcan","family":"Li","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"id":[{"id":"https:\/\/ror.org\/00zqaxa34","id-type":"ROR","asserted-by":"publisher"}]},{"name":"Samarkand International University of Technology"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-8048-1611","authenticated-orcid":true,"given":"Lanxin","family":"Ma","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Shandong University"},{"name":"Institute of Frontier and Interdisciplinary Science, Shandong University"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Abduvakhid","family":"Jumabaev","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Samarkand State University named after Sharof Rashidov"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Asliddin","family":"Norkulov","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Samarkand State University named after Sharof Rashidov"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Zokhid","family":"Ernazarov","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Samarkand State University named after Sharof Rashidov"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Zhiming","family":"Xu","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"id":[{"id":"https:\/\/ror.org\/00zqaxa34","id-type":"ROR","asserted-by":"publisher"}]}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"285","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2026,7,10]]},"reference":[{"key":"oe-34-14-26800-R1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"e70018","DOI":"10.1002\/wer.70018","type":"journal-article","volume":"97","author":"Hammond","year":"2025","journal-title":"Water Environ. 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