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Express"],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2026,10,5]]},"abstract":"<jats:p>\n                    To address the large divergence angle, weak spatial coherence, and severe optical crosstalk of conventional GaN-based micro-LEDs, together with the narrow viewing zone and resolution loss in current naked-eye 3D displays, this work presents a vertically integrated structure of a continuous metasurface-integrated micro-RCLED. A Fabry\u2013Perot resonant cavity is constructed with a top DBR and a bottom composite reflector consisting of an Al layer, a SiO\n                    <jats:sub>2<\/jats:sub>\n                    spacer, and a DBR for beam collimation, while a continuous metasurface array enables seamless 0 to 2\u03c0 phase modulation. Simulations show that the emitted light converges to an extremely narrow angular range with greatly improved coherence. At 465\u2005nm, deflection efficiencies of 70.5%, 54.8%, 43.6%, and 32.7% are achieved at 10\u00b0, 20\u00b0, 30\u00b0, and 40\u00b0, along with dual-angle deflection capability. Featuring a simple configuration and easy micro-nano fabrication, this design offers an efficient solution for high-performance naked-eye 3D displays and multifunctional light-modulated optoelectronic devices.\n                  <\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.1364\/oe.609592","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2026,9,7]],"date-time":"2026-09-07T02:00:09Z","timestamp":1788746409000},"page":"36860","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1364\/crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":0,"title":["Continuous metasurface-integrated GaN-based micro-LEDs for naked-eye 3D display"],"prefix":"10.1364","volume":"34","author":[{"given":"Jing","family":"Bian","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Nanjing University of Science and Technology"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Honghao","family":"Gu","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"id":[{"id":"https:\/\/ror.org\/043bpky34","id-type":"ROR","asserted-by":"publisher"}]}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Ting","family":"Zhi","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"id":[{"id":"https:\/\/ror.org\/043bpky34","id-type":"ROR","asserted-by":"publisher"}]}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Yan","family":"Gu","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Nanjing University of Posts and Telecommunications"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Junjun","family":"Xue","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Nanjing University of Science and Technology"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Dazhi","family":"Ding","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Nanjing University of Science and Technology"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-9881-7208","authenticated-orcid":true,"given":"Jin","family":"Wang","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"id":[{"id":"https:\/\/ror.org\/043bpky34","id-type":"ROR","asserted-by":"publisher"}]},{"name":"Nanjing University of Science and Technology"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"285","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2026,9,21]]},"reference":[{"key":"oe-34-20-36860-R1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"129251","DOI":"10.1016\/j.optcom.2022.129251","type":"journal-article","volume":"532","author":"Wang","year":"2023","journal-title":"Opt. 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