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Express"],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2026,10,5]]},"abstract":"<jats:p>Chirp control remains a key challenge for practical applications of water-window isolated attosecond pulses. In this numerical investigation, we propose thin liquid sheets as continuously tunable dispersive optical elements for chirp compensation of water-window attosecond pulses. The complex refractive indices of representative liquids are reconstructed by combining near-edge absorption data with tabulated X-ray optical constants and through the Kramers\u2013Kronig relation. The resulting transmission and group-delay dispersion are then used to evaluate the compression of isolated attosecond pulses obtained from strong-field-approximation simulations. We show that the pre-edge dispersion of liquid water below the oxygen K-edge can compensate for the negative attochirp of long-trajectory harmonic emission in the 470\u2013530 eV range, compressing the pulse from approximately 201 as to 67 as with a transmitted energy fraction of about 31.8%. Near the nitrogen K-edge, liquid nitrogen and liquid ammonia enable analogous compression in the 320\u2013400 eV range, yielding pulse durations of approximately 54\u201356 as. These results indicate that free-standing liquid sheets can serve as flexible, self-refreshing, and thickness-tunable dispersive soft-X-ray optics for attosecond pulse compression.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.1364\/oe.610755","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2026,9,16]],"date-time":"2026-09-16T07:00:06Z","timestamp":1789542006000},"page":"38632","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1364\/crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":0,"title":["Chirp compensation of water-window attosecond pulses with thin liquid sheets"],"prefix":"10.1364","volume":"34","author":[{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0009-0003-2795-1500","authenticated-orcid":true,"given":"Dianhong","family":"Dong","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Xi\u2019an Institute of Optics and Precision Mechanics, Chinese Academy of Sciences"},{"name":"RIKEN Center for Advanced Photonics, RIKEN"},{"name":"University of Chinese Academy of Sciences"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0003-1423-3588","authenticated-orcid":true,"given":"Bing","family":"Xue","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Xi\u2019an Institute of Optics and Precision Mechanics, Chinese Academy of Sciences"},{"name":"University of Chinese Academy of Sciences"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Hushan","family":"Wang","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Xi\u2019an Institute of Optics and Precision Mechanics, Chinese Academy of Sciences"},{"name":"University of Chinese Academy of Sciences"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0003-1672-1171","authenticated-orcid":true,"given":"Eiji J.","family":"Takahashi","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"RIKEN Center for Advanced Photonics, RIKEN"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0003-2833-6764","authenticated-orcid":true,"given":"Yuxi","family":"Fu","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Xi\u2019an Institute of Optics and Precision Mechanics, Chinese Academy of Sciences"},{"name":"University of Chinese Academy of Sciences"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"285","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2026,10,2]]},"reference":[{"key":"oe-34-20-38632-R1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"3059","DOI":"10.1038\/s41598-023-29089-8","type":"journal-article","volume":"13","author":"Zinchenko","year":"2023","journal-title":"Sci. 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