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Express"],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2026,10,5]]},"abstract":"<jats:p>Synergistic radiation-scattering integration holds great value for secure communication, electromagnetic stealth, and anti-interference wireless systems. Nevertheless, the intrinsically incompatible electromagnetic responses of radiation and scattering complicate the pursuit of a satisfactory trade-off in their collaborative co-design. Leveraging characteristic mode theory (CMT), this paper proposes an automated topology optimization strategy to facilitate the high-efficiency design of dual-polarized radiation-scattering integrated metasurfaces. The radiation and scattering responses of the metasurface are formulated into objective functions based on characteristic mode parameters, enabling high-performance broadside radiation and simultaneous phase and polarization modulation of the scattered field. With the aid of the non-dominated sorting genetic algorithm-II (NSGA-II), a programmable metasurface unit cell loaded with PIN diodes is designed and periodically arranged into an orthogonally configured array. The resultant metasurface realizes dual-polarized radar cross-section (RCS) reduction via scattering and polarization cancellation mechanisms, together with dual-polarized beam-scanning capability across the X-band. The proposed design methodology provides a powerful, universal solution for the automated design and performance optimization of radiation-scattering integrated metasurfaces.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.1364\/oe.611111","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2026,10,1]],"date-time":"2026-10-01T14:16:00Z","timestamp":1790864160000},"page":"38399","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1364\/crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":0,"title":["Dual-polarized metasurface design enabled by characteristic mode theory: integrated synergistic radiation and scattering functions"],"prefix":"10.1364","volume":"34","author":[{"given":"Hai Yang","family":"Tang","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Xidian University"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0001-5030-6225","authenticated-orcid":true,"given":"Yan","family":"Shi","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Xidian University"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Hong Yu","family":"Pan","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Xidian University"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0003-0613-5945","authenticated-orcid":true,"given":"Qiang","family":"Feng","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Xidian University"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0003-0472-7314","authenticated-orcid":true,"given":"Long","family":"Li","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Xidian University"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"285","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2026,10,1]]},"reference":[{"key":"oe-34-20-38399-R1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1275","DOI":"10.1109\/LAWP.2009.2037168","type":"journal-article","volume":"8","author":"Jiang","year":"2009","journal-title":"IEEE Antennas Wirel. 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