{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,10,2]],"date-time":"2026-10-02T19:54:12Z","timestamp":1790970852503,"version":"4.1.0"},"reference-count":32,"publisher":"Optica Publishing Group","issue":"20","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2026,10,2]],"date-time":"2026-10-02T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1790899200000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1364\/OA_License_v2#VOR-OA"},{"start":{"date-parts":[[2026,10,2]],"date-time":"2026-10-02T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1790899200000},"content-version":"tdm","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/opg.optica.org\/policies\/opg-tdm-policy.json"}],"funder":[{"name":"National Natural Science Foundation of China","award":["62505118, 62505331"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["62505118, 62505331"]}],"id":[{"id":"https:\/\/ror.org\/01h0zpd94","id-type":"ROR","asserted-by":"publisher"}]},{"name":"Basic Research Program of Jiangsu","award":["BK20230685"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["BK20230685"]}]},{"name":"Natural Science Foundation of Shanghai","award":["25ZR1402532"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["25ZR1402532"]}]}],"content-domain":{"domain":["opg.optica.org"],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["Opt. Express"],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2026,10,5]]},"abstract":"<jats:p>\n                    We report the Czochralski growth, spectroscopic characterization, and laser performance at 2.1\u2005\u00b5m of a Ho:YScO\n                    <jats:sub>3<\/jats:sub>\n                    mixed sesquioxide crystal with a doping concentration of 0.4 at.%. Spectroscopic evaluation was performed based on room-temperature absorption and fluorescence measurements. Intensity parameters, radiative lifetime of the\n                    <jats:sup>5<\/jats:sup>\n                    I\n                    <jats:sub>7<\/jats:sub>\n                    manifold, and spontaneous emission rates were calculated based on Judd\u2013Ofelt theory. For the\n                    <jats:sup>5<\/jats:sup>\n                    I\n                    <jats:sub>7<\/jats:sub>\n                    \u2192\n                    <jats:sup>5<\/jats:sup>\n                    I\n                    <jats:sub>8<\/jats:sub>\n                    transition near 2.1\u2005\u00b5m, the emission cross-section was derived to be 4.06\u2009\u00d7\u200910\n                    <jats:sup>\u221221<\/jats:sup>\n                    cm\n                    <jats:sup>2<\/jats:sup>\n                    , with an exceptionally broad full width at half maximum spectrum of 210.14\u2005nm. In the laser experiment, the laser delivers a maximum continuous-wave output power of 12.1 W with a slope efficiency of 31%. Wavelength tuning over 85\u2005nm (2074\u20132159\u2005nm) is demonstrated using a Lyot filter. These results establish Ho:YScO\n                    <jats:sub>3<\/jats:sub>\n                    crystal as a promising gain medium for high-power, broadly tunable, and potentially ultrafast 2.1\u2005\u00b5m lasers.\n                  <\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.1364\/oe.615017","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2026,10,2]],"date-time":"2026-10-02T19:04:28Z","timestamp":1790967868000},"page":"38723","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1364\/crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":0,"title":["High-power tunable laser operation of Ho:YScO\n                    <sub>3<\/sub>\n                    crystal at 2.1\u2005\u00b5m"],"prefix":"10.1364","volume":"34","author":[{"given":"Jian","family":"Liu","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"id":[{"id":"https:\/\/ror.org\/051hvcm98","id-type":"ROR","asserted-by":"publisher"}]}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0009-0008-6217-1258","authenticated-orcid":true,"given":"Xinyu","family":"Guo","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"id":[{"id":"https:\/\/ror.org\/051hvcm98","id-type":"ROR","asserted-by":"publisher"}]}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Chuang","family":"Yang","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"id":[{"id":"https:\/\/ror.org\/051hvcm98","id-type":"ROR","asserted-by":"publisher"}]}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Zhengyuan","family":"Jiang","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"id":[{"id":"https:\/\/ror.org\/051hvcm98","id-type":"ROR","asserted-by":"publisher"}]}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Jiawei","family":"Zhang","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"id":[{"id":"https:\/\/ror.org\/051hvcm98","id-type":"ROR","asserted-by":"publisher"}]}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Longxin","family":"Liu","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Tongji University"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Peng","family":"Liu","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"id":[{"id":"https:\/\/ror.org\/051hvcm98","id-type":"ROR","asserted-by":"publisher"}]}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0001-6465-2786","authenticated-orcid":true,"given":"Weichao","family":"Yao","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Shanghai Institute of Optics and Fine Mechanics, Chinese Academy of Sciences"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Zebin","family":"Wang","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Universit\u00e9 de Lyon"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Kheirreddine","family":"Lebbou","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Universit\u00e9 de Lyon"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Xiaodong","family":"Xu","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"id":[{"id":"https:\/\/ror.org\/051hvcm98","id-type":"ROR","asserted-by":"publisher"}]}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Jun","family":"Xu","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Tongji University"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"285","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2026,10,2]]},"reference":[{"key":"oe-34-20-38723-R1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"8460","DOI":"10.1364\/AO.37.008460","type":"journal-article","volume":"37","author":"Taczak","year":"1998","journal-title":"Appl. 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