{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,10,17]],"date-time":"2026-10-17T15:04:40Z","timestamp":1792249480774,"version":"4.4.0"},"reference-count":20,"publisher":"Optica Publishing Group","issue":"17","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2020,8,18]],"date-time":"2020-08-18T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1597708800000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1364\/OA_License_v1#VOR-OA"},{"start":{"date-parts":[[2020,8,18]],"date-time":"2020-08-18T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1597708800000},"content-version":"tdm","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/opg.optica.org\/policies\/opg-tdm-policy.json"}],"funder":[{"DOI":"10.13039\/100000053","name":"National Eye Institute","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","award":["R00-EY-026068"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["R00-EY-026068"]}],"id":[{"id":"10.13039\/100000053","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]},{"DOI":"10.13039\/100000053","name":"National Eye Institute","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","award":["R01-EY-024239"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["R01-EY-024239"]}],"id":[{"id":"10.13039\/100000053","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]},{"DOI":"10.13039\/100000053","name":"National Eye Institute","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","award":["R01-EY-026556"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["R01-EY-026556"]}],"id":[{"id":"10.13039\/100000053","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]}],"content-domain":{"domain":["opg.optica.org"],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["Opt. Lett."],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2020,9,1]]},"abstract":"<jats:p>Noninvasive, objective measurement of rod function is as significant as that of cone function, and for retinal diseases such as retinitis pigmentosa and age-related macular degeneration, rod function may be a more sensitive biomarker of disease progression and efficacy of treatment than cone function. Functional imaging of single human rod photoreceptors, however, has proven difficult because their small size and rapid functional response pose challenges for the resolution and speed of the imaging system. Here, we describe light-evoked, functional responses of human rods and cones, measured noninvasively using a synchronized adaptive optics optical coherence tomography (OCT) and scanning light ophthalmoscopy (SLO) system. The higher lateral resolution of the SLO images made it possible to confirm the identity of rods in the corresponding OCT volumes.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.1364\/ol.398868","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2020,7,21]],"date-time":"2020-07-21T14:00:09Z","timestamp":1595340009000},"page":"4658","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1364\/crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":114,"title":["Optoretinogram: optical measurement of human cone and rod photoreceptor responses to light"],"prefix":"10.1364","volume":"45","author":[{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-2033-8207","authenticated-orcid":true,"given":"Mehdi","family":"Azimipour","sequence":"first","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-1377-3585","authenticated-orcid":true,"given":"Denise","family":"Valente","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0003-3390-392X","authenticated-orcid":true,"given":"Kari V.","family":"Vienola","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"John S.","family":"Werner","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-9574-156X","authenticated-orcid":true,"given":"Robert J.","family":"Zawadzki","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-9545-1837","authenticated-orcid":true,"given":"Ravi S.","family":"Jonnal","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"285","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2020,8,18]]},"reference":[{"key":"ol-45-17-4658-R1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"229","DOI":"10.1038\/237229a0","volume":"237","author":"Corless","year":"1972","journal-title":"Nature"},{"key":"ol-45-17-4658-R2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"118","DOI":"10.1038\/newbio244118a0","volume":"244","author":"Chabre","year":"1973","journal-title":"Nature"},{"key":"ol-45-17-4658-R3","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"16141","DOI":"10.1364\/OE.15.016141","volume":"15","author":"Jonnal","year":"2007","journal-title":"Opt. Express"},{"key":"ol-45-17-4658-R4","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"5098","DOI":"10.1364\/BOE.8.005098","volume":"8","author":"Cooper","year":"2017","journal-title":"Biomed. Opt. Express"},{"key":"ol-45-17-4658-R5","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"104","DOI":"10.1364\/BOE.3.000104","volume":"3","author":"Jonnal","year":"2012","journal-title":"Biomed. Opt. Express"},{"key":"ol-45-17-4658-R6","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"13138","DOI":"10.1073\/pnas.1606428113","volume":"113","author":"Hillmann","year":"2016","journal-title":"Proc. Natl. Acad. Sci. USA"},{"key":"ol-45-17-4658-R7","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"300","DOI":"10.1364\/OPTICA.6.000300","volume":"6","author":"Azimipour","year":"2019","journal-title":"Optica"},{"key":"ol-45-17-4658-R8","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"7951","DOI":"10.1073\/pnas.1816360116","volume":"116","author":"Zhang","year":"2019","journal-title":"Proc. Natl. Acad. Sci. USA"},{"key":"ol-45-17-4658-R9","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"E2937","DOI":"10.1073\/pnas.1620572114","volume":"114","author":"Zhang","year":"2017","journal-title":"Proc. Natl. Acad. Sci. USA"},{"key":"ol-45-17-4658-R10","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"2308","DOI":"10.1364\/OL.31.002308","volume":"31","author":"Srinivasan","year":"2006","journal-title":"Opt. Lett."},{"key":"ol-45-17-4658-R11","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"4632","DOI":"10.1167\/iovs.17-22171","volume":"58","author":"Lu","year":"2017","journal-title":"Invest. Ophthalmol. Visual Sci."},{"key":"ol-45-17-4658-R12","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"4219","DOI":"10.1364\/OL.44.004219","volume":"44","author":"Azimipour","year":"2019","journal-title":"Opt. Lett."},{"key":"ol-45-17-4658-R13","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"3225","DOI":"10.1364\/OE.14.003225","volume":"14","author":"Huber","year":"2006","journal-title":"Opt. Express"},{"key":"ol-45-17-4658-R14","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"50","DOI":"10.1364\/BOE.10.000050","volume":"10","author":"Migacz","year":"2019","journal-title":"Biomed. Opt. Express"},{"key":"ol-45-17-4658-R16","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"617","DOI":"10.1016\/0042-6989(68)90040-0","volume":"8","author":"Rushton","year":"1968","journal-title":"Vis. Res."},{"key":"ol-45-17-4658-R17","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"e0144891","DOI":"10.1371\/journal.pone.0144891","volume":"10","author":"Sabesan","year":"2015","journal-title":"PLoS ONE"},{"key":"ol-45-17-4658-R18","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"145","DOI":"10.1117\/12.591190","volume":"5688","author":"Stevenson","year":"2005","journal-title":"Proc. SPIE"},{"key":"ol-45-17-4658-R19","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"13138","DOI":"10.1371\/journal.pone.0206052","volume":"113","author":"Azimipour","year":"2018","journal-title":"PLoS ONE"},{"key":"ol-45-17-4658-R20","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"5066","DOI":"10.1073\/pnas.0506997103","volume":"103","author":"Bizheva","year":"2006","journal-title":"Proc. Natl. Acad. Sci. USA"},{"key":"ol-45-17-4658-R21","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"2644","DOI":"10.1038\/srep02644","volume":"3","author":"Zhang","year":"2013","journal-title":"Sci. Rep."}],"container-title":["Optics Letters"],"original-title":[],"language":"en","link":[{"URL":"https:\/\/opg.optica.org\/viewmedia.cfm?URI=ol-45-17-4658&seq=0","content-type":"unspecified","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"similarity-checking"}],"deposited":{"date-parts":[[2024,8,6]],"date-time":"2024-08-06T19:26:05Z","timestamp":1722972365000},"score":1,"resource":{"primary":{"URL":"https:\/\/opg.optica.org\/abstract.cfm?URI=ol-45-17-4658"}},"subtitle":[],"short-title":[],"issued":{"date-parts":[[2020,8,18]]},"references-count":20,"journal-issue":{"issue":"17","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2020]]},"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2020]]}},"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1364\/ol.398868","relation":{},"ISSN":["0146-9592","1539-4794"],"issn-type":[{"value":"0146-9592","type":"print"},{"value":"1539-4794","type":"electronic"}],"subject":[],"published":{"date-parts":[[2020,8,18]]},"assertion":[{"value":"Optica Publishing Group","name":"publisher","label":"This article is maintained by"},{"value":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1364\/OL.398868","name":"articlelink","label":"Crossref DOI link to publisher maintained version"},{"value":"letter","name":"content_type","label":"Article type"},{"value":"Screened by Similarity Check","name":"cross_check","label":"Similarity check"},{"value":"Yes","order":0,"name":"peer_reviewed","label":"Peer reviewed","group":{"name":"peer_review","label":"Peer review"}},{"value":"Single blind","order":1,"name":"review_process","label":"Review process","group":{"name":"peer_review","label":"Peer review"}},{"value":"5 June 2020","order":0,"name":"received","label":"Received","group":{"name":"publication_history","label":"Publication History"}},{"value":"21 July 2020","order":1,"name":"accepted","label":"Accepted","group":{"name":"publication_history","label":"Publication History"}},{"value":"18 August 2020","order":2,"name":"published","label":"Published","group":{"name":"publication_history","label":"Publication History"}},{"value":"\u00a9 2020 Optical Society of America under the terms of the OSA Open Access Publishing Agreement","name":"copyright","label":"Copyright"}]}}