{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2025,10,27]],"date-time":"2025-10-27T16:22:03Z","timestamp":1761582123408,"version":"3.37.3"},"reference-count":24,"publisher":"Optica Publishing Group","issue":"19","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2021,9,27]],"date-time":"2021-09-27T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1632700800000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1364\/OA_License_v1#VOR"},{"start":{"date-parts":[[2021,9,27]],"date-time":"2021-09-27T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1632700800000},"content-version":"tdm","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/opg.optica.org\/policies\/opg-tdm-policy.json"}],"funder":[{"name":"Fujian Province of China","award":["2020C019R"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["2020C019R"]}]},{"DOI":"10.13039\/501100003392","name":"Natural Science Foundation of Fujian Province","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","award":["2020J01062"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["2020J01062"]}],"id":[{"id":"10.13039\/501100003392","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]},{"name":"Youth Innovation Foundation of Xiamen City","award":["3502Z20206013"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["3502Z20206013"]}]},{"name":"The Open Research Fund of the State Key Laboratory of Organic Electronics and Information Displays, The Open Fund of the State Key Laboratory of Integrated Optoelectronics","award":["IOSKL2019KF03"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["IOSKL2019KF03"]}]},{"DOI":"10.13039\/501100012226","name":"Fundamental Research Funds for the Central Universities","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","award":["ZQN-909"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["ZQN-909"]}],"id":[{"id":"10.13039\/501100012226","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]}],"content-domain":{"domain":["opg.optica.org"],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["Opt. Lett."],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2021,10,1]]},"abstract":"We distinctly reveal the difference in the exciton generation processes in phosphorescent organic light-emitting devices with an exciplex-type co-host and a single host. Excitons in the co-host consisting of 4,4,4-tris(N-carbazolyl)-triphenylamine and 1,3,5-tris(N-phenylbenzimidazol-2-yl)benzene are created via efficient energy transfer from the exciplex to the phosphorescent dopant. In contrast, excitons in the single host of 4,4,4-tris(N-carbazolyl)-triphenylamine are formed by the combination of holes and electrons trapped by the phosphorescent dopants. The optimized device utilizing the co-host system exhibits highly superior performance relative to the single-host device. The maximum external quantum efficiency and maximum luminance are 14.88% and \n \n\t\n\t 90,700<\/mml:mtext>\n\t<\/mml:mrow>\n\t\n\t\n\t \n\t c<\/mml:mi>\n\t d<\/mml:mi>\n\t <\/mml:mrow>\n\t<\/mml:mrow>\n\t\n\t \/<\/mml:mo>\n\t<\/mml:mrow>\n\t\n\t \n\t \n\t \n\t\tm<\/mml:mi>\n\t <\/mml:mrow>\n\t <\/mml:mrow>\n\t 2<\/mml:mn>\n\t <\/mml:msup>\n\t<\/mml:mrow>\n <\/mml:math>\n <\/jats:inline-formula> for the co-host device, being 1.6 times and 3.6 times the maximum external efficiency and maximum luminance for the single-host device, respectively. Significantly, the critical current density, evaluating the device efficiency roll-off characteristic, is as high as \n \n\t\n\t 327.8<\/mml:mn>\n\t<\/mml:mrow>\n\t\n\t\n\t \n\t m<\/mml:mi>\n\t A<\/mml:mi>\n\t <\/mml:mrow>\n\t<\/mml:mrow>\n\t\n\t \/<\/mml:mo>\n\t<\/mml:mrow>\n\t\n\t \n\t \n\t \n\t\tc<\/mml:mi>\n\t\tm<\/mml:mi>\n\t <\/mml:mrow>\n\t <\/mml:mrow>\n\t 2<\/mml:mn>\n\t <\/mml:msup>\n\t<\/mml:mrow>\n <\/mml:math>\n <\/jats:inline-formula>, which is highly superior to \n \n\t\n\t 120.8<\/mml:mn>\n\t<\/mml:mrow>\n\t\n\t\n\t \n\t m<\/mml:mi>\n\t A<\/mml:mi>\n\t <\/mml:mrow>\n\t<\/mml:mrow>\n\t\n\t \/<\/mml:mo>\n\t<\/mml:mrow>\n\t\n\t \n\t \n\t \n\t\tc<\/mml:mi>\n\t\tm<\/mml:mi>\n\t <\/mml:mrow>\n\t <\/mml:mrow>\n\t 2<\/mml:mn>\n\t <\/mml:msup>\n\t<\/mml:mrow>\n <\/mml:math>\n <\/jats:inline-formula> for the single-host device, indicating the notable alleviation in efficiency roll-off for the co-host device. The significant improvement in device performance is attributed to eliminating the exciton quenching resulting from the captured holes and the efficient energy transfer from the exciplex-type co-host to the phosphorescent emitter incurred by the reverse intersystem crossing process.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.1364\/ol.439516","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2021,9,2]],"date-time":"2021-09-02T12:03:47Z","timestamp":1630584227000},"page":"4840","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1364\/crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":6,"title":["Study on the difference in exciton generation processes for a single host and exciplex-type co-host"],"prefix":"10.1364","volume":"46","author":[{"given":"Huiwen","family":"Xu","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Huaqiao University"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Jinyu","family":"Lin","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Huaqiao University"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Xinyan","family":"Jiang","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Huaqiao University"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Yu","family":"Jin","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Huaqiao University"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-1336-9347","authenticated-orcid":true,"given":"Zhili","family":"Lin","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Huaqiao University"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0003-1845-1400","authenticated-orcid":true,"given":"Xining","family":"Zhang","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Huaqiao University"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Xiaoyan","family":"Li","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Huaqiao University"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Huishan","family":"Yang","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Quanzhou Normal University"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Zhijun","family":"Wu","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Huaqiao University"},{"name":"Nanjing University of Posts & Telecommunications"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]}],"member":"285","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2021,9,27]]},"reference":[{"key":"ol-46-19-4840-R1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"151","DOI":"10.1038\/25954","volume":"395","author":"Baldo","year":"1998","journal-title":"Nature"},{"key":"ol-46-19-4840-R2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"5700","DOI":"10.1021\/acsami.7b17260","volume":"10","author":"Jeon","year":"2018","journal-title":"ACS Appl. 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